At,On, and In Consonant Changes
Transkript
At,On, and In Consonant Changes
E-type Vowels a, ı, o, u → a e, i, ö, ü → e I-type Vowels a, ı → ı o, u → e, i → i ö, ü → u ü Fıstıkçı Şahap d→t At,On, and In In English, if you want to describe the location of something you say it is at somewhere, on something, or in something. In Turkish, describing the location of something is much easier, as it is done with a single suffix, –de. This is known as the locative suffix. If the word is a proper noun (the name of a person or place), you put an apostrophe after it before you add any suffixes. Örnekler ev (house) + de = evde (at home) televizyon (TV) + da = televizyonda (on TV) İngiltere (England) + de = İngiltere’de (in England) kitaplar (books) + da = kitaplarda (in the books) Consonant Changes When you add –de to a word, sometimes the d in the ending changes to a t. This happens when the word ends in a “whispery” (unvoiced) consonant The d changes into a t in order to become unvoiced and match the word it is being added to. The unvoiced consonants are: f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p This can more easily be remembered as fıstıkçı şahap. Örnekler Fıstıkçı Şahap means Şahap (a man’s name) the peanut seller. kitap (book) + ta = kitapta (in the book) maç (football match) + ta = maçta (at the football match) cep (pocket) + te = cepte (in the pocket) Turkish For Beginners Page 1 Lesson 6 E-type Vowels a, ı, o, u → a e, i, ö, ü → e I-type Vowels a, ı → ı o, u → e, i → i ö, ü → u ü Fıstıkçı Şahap d→t Alıştırmalar Translate the following into Turkish. 1. In the bag. ____________________ Kelimeler 2. 3. 4. On the street. In the classroom. In Paris. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ 5. In the box. ____________________ 6. On the bus. ____________________ 7. On the buses. ____________________ Turkish For Beginners Page 2 çanta bag sokak street sınıf classroom Paris Paris kutu box otobüs bus Lesson 6 E-type Vowels a, ı, o, u → a e, i, ö, ü → e I-type Vowels a, ı → ı o, u → e, i → i ö, ü → u ü Fıstıkçı Şahap d→t Where? The word nerede means where. Nerede is made up as follows: If you want to ask where something is, you simply put the word nerede after it. ne (what) + re (place) + de (at). The suffix –re is a very old word that meant place. It is no longer used as a word on its own, and can now only be found in some suffixes. Örnekler kitap nerede? where is the book? televizyon nerede? where is the TV? limon nerede? where is the lemon? Here and There English has two words for here and there, but in Turkish there are three. burada şurada orada here there (relatively nearby) there (further away) If you want to say something is here or there, you simply put the word burada, şurada or orada after it. Burada, şurada and orada are made up as follows: bu/şu/o (this/that) + ra (place) + da (at) . Örnekler kitap burada the book is here televizyon şurada the TV is there limon orada the lemon is over there Turkish For Beginners Page 3 Lesson 6 E-type Vowels a, ı, o, u → a e, i, ö, ü → e I-type Vowels a, ı → ı o, u → e, i → i ö, ü → u ü Fıstıkçı Şahap d→t Alıştırmalar Fill in the blanks. The first has been done for you. 1. - Kitap 2. Kelimeler - Kitap nerede? şurada . car bakkal grocer (here) - Araba _____________? - Araba ____________. 4. araba - Kalem nerede? - Kalem ____________. 3. (there) (there) - Bakkal ____________? - Bakkal ____________. Turkish For Beginners (over there) Page 4 Lesson 6 E-type Vowels a, ı, o, u → a e, i, ö, ü → e I-type Vowels a, ı → ı o, u → e, i → i ö, ü → u ü Fıstıkçı Şahap d→t Who’s Got It? The Turkish word kimde means who’s got it, or who has it. Kimde is made as follows: kim (who) + de (at) If you want to ask who has something, you simply put the word kimde after it. It literally means who is it at. Örnekler kitap kimde? who’s got the book? kalem kimde? who’s got the pen? biber kimde? who’s got the pepper? I’ve Got It! The Turkish pronouns are as follows. These can be used with the locative suffix to indicate who has something. ben I bende I have it (literally it’s at me) sen you (singular, friendly) sende you have it o he / she / it onda he / she / it has it biz we bizde we have it siz you (plural) / (singular, polite) sizde you have it onlar they onlarda they have it So, for example, the Turkish for I have the book is kitap bende (literally, the book is at me). Örnekler ekmek bizde we have the bread çay onda he has the tea limon sizde you have the lemon kedi onlarda they have the cat Turkish For Beginners Page 5 Lesson 6 E-type Vowels a, ı, o, u → a e, i, ö, ü → e I-type Vowels a, ı → ı o, u → e, i → i ö, ü → u ü Fıstıkçı Şahap d→t Alıştırmalar Fill in the blanks. The first has been done for you. 1. - Kitap kimde? - Kitap 2. bende . - Kalem kimde? - Kalem ____________. 3. (they have it) - Araba _____________? - Araba ____________. 4. (I have it) (he has it) - Ekmek ____________? - Ekmek ____________. Turkish For Beginners (you (polite) have it) Page 6 Lesson 6