Extremadura (Spain) Charente-Maritime (France) Slaskie (Poland
Transkript
Extremadura (Spain) Charente-Maritime (France) Slaskie (Poland
Extremadura (Spain) Charente-Maritime (France) Slaskie (Poland) Kocaeli (Turkey) Lombardia (Italy) Ilustración 1 Made by Spain ma 1. Landscapes Extremadura (Spain)……………………….… 3 Charente-Maritime (France)….……….…...... 5 Slaskie (Poland)……………………………… 7 Kocaeli (Turkey)…………………………...…. 9 Lombardia (Italy)…………………………..... 11 2. Monuments Extremadura (Spain)………………………... 14 Charente-Maritime (France)……..……….… 16 Slaskie (Poland)……………………………... 18 Kocaeli (Turkey)………………………….….. 20 Lombardia (Italy)……………………………… 22 3. Gastronomy Extremadura (Spain)……………..………….. Charente-Maritime (France)….….……...….. Slaskie (Poland)……………………..….……. Kocaeli (Turkey)………………………..…….. Lombardia (Italy)…………………….…..…… 25 27 29 31 33 4. Traditional costumes Extremadura (Spain)……………..………….. Charente-Maritime (France)…….…....…….. Slaskie (Poland)…………………..……….…. Kocaeli (Turkey)……………………………… Lombardia (Italy)……………………….…….. 36 38 40 42 44 5. Festivals Extremadura (Spain)…………………………. 47 Charente-Maritime (France)…….……….….. 49 Slaskie (Poland)…………………………….... 51 Kocaeli (Turkey)……………………………… 53 Lombardia (Italy)…………..………...………... 55 Extremadura is a land of great contrast and variety. The climate is basically Mediterranean with influence from the Atlantic, with very hot summers and mild winters. The result is a rich variety of natural landscapes, with an abundance of reservoirs and rivers. (In fact, Extremadura has more inland “coast” than any other region in Western Europe). Dehesa extremeña Mediterranean forest Cigüeña blanca - White stork Extremadura es una tierra de gran contraste y diversidad. El clima es básicamente mediterráneo con influencia atlántica, con veranos muy calurosos e inviernos suaves. El resultado es una rica diversidad de paisajes naturales, con abundancia de embalses y ríos. (De hecho, Extremadura tiene más costa interior que cualquier otra región de Europa Occidental. Mina de la Jayona – Jayona Mine Embalse de Cornalvo – Cornalvo Reservoir 3 Monfragüe National Park is one of the important raptor reserves in Europe and is the best place in Spain for a glimpse of Black Vultures and the rare Spanish Imperial Eagle. El Parque Nacional de Monfragüe es Reserva Mundial de la Biosfera El Chorrituelo - Las Hurdes Valle del Jerte – Jerte Valley 4 Three Islands in the department : The Ré island L’Ile de Ré A typical village (St-Martin) Un village typique (Saint Martin) The brigde Le ponte The Oleron island, Fort-Boyard a military monument and a beach. L’île d’Oléron, Fort-Boyard, un bâtiment militaire et une plage. The Aix island, a typical street and the ferry to go to the island (there is no bridge and no car on this small island). L’île d’Aix, une rue et le ferry pour se rendre sur l’île (il n’y a ni pont ni voiture sur cette petite île). 5 The ostréicole area : where they produce oysters. La zone ostréicole où sont élevées les huîtres. The greatest port of Europe : Les Minimes Le plus grand port d’Europe : les Minimes Salt marshes : Marais salants 6 Upper Silesia Region is situated in the south of Poland and borders upon Czech Republic. The capital of the province is called Katowice. It is very diverse region rich in mineral and natural resourses especially coal. Apart from industry it consists of rural areas too. Although, there are many coal mines, factories, companies and warehouses there is a lot of greenery. It is surrounded by forests, lakes, reservoirs, rivers and parks. The most beautiful are Żywieckie Lake, Pogoria and Goczałkowicki Reservoir, The Przemsza and Vistula Rivers. The south part of Silesia is dominated by mountains –the Beskidy with the highest mountain Barania Góra (1220 m). Indrustry of Silesia – A typical Coal Mine The Beskidy Mountains - Szczyrk Village Goczałkowice Zrój and Goczałkowice Reservoir 7 Park in Świerklaniec ( It’s size is 180 ha) Czarna Przemsza – The Black Przemsza River Górny Śląsk znajduje się na południu polski i graniczy z Czechami. Stolicą tego regionu są Katowice. Jest to bardzo zróżnicowany region bogaty w minerały i bogactwa naturalne szczególnie węgiel. Poza przemysłem znajdują się tu również obszary rolnicze. Poza wieloma zakładami, kopalniami fabrykami występuje tu dużo zieleni. Jest on otoczony lasami, jeziorami, zalewami, rzekami i parkami. Najpiękniejsze z nich to jezioro Żywieckie, zbiornik Goczałkowicki i Pogoria, rzeka Przemsza i Wisła. Południowa częśd śląska zdominowana jest przez góry – Beskidy z najwyższym szczytem Baranią Górą (1220 m .n.p.m). The Pogoria Lake in our village Forest in Siewierz 8 Bayramoğlu Bird Heaven Darıca Bird Heaven and Temalı Park, which are 38 km away from Istanbul, are unique places for the residence of a variety of bird species. In the zoo at the area, there exists 350 animal species, and more than 250 plant species. With the aquarium, botanic gardens, playgrounds, cable railways, and restaurants it provides a recreation potentiality. ORNITHOLOGY AREAS Darıca Darıca Kuş Cenneti ve Temalı Parkı İstanbul’a 38 km uzaklıktadır ve içersinde birçok kuş türünü barındırmaktadır.Hayvanat bahçesi bölümünde 350 hayvan türü 250 den fazla bitki türü bulunmaktadır. Akvaryumu , botanic bahçeleri cocuk oyun alanları , ring seferleri ve restoranları ile bizlere eşsiz bir tatil imkanı sağlamaktadır. 9 Kartepe is a ski center for those ski lovers which is as close as 1 hour drive from Istanbul right after opening season in December. Yuvacik Dam Süleyman Paşa Termal suları İzmit’in Yukarı Pazar mevkiinde yer almaktadır.!4. yy da inşa edilmiştir.Bölgenin en eski Osmanlı yapısıdır. Kartepe İstanbuldan1 saat uzaklığı ile kayak tutkunlarının Aralık ayı sonrasındaki uğrak yeri haline gelmiştir. Spanca Süleyman Pasha Thermal Bath is located in the Yukarı Pazar district of İzmit. It had been constructed in the 14th century. It is the oldest Ottoman building in the region 10 Lake of Como – Lago di Como The Alps - Alpi The foothills of The Alps The two branches of lake Como Griguea - Prealpi Due rami lago Como 11 Fishing village – Lake of Como The Alps Villaggio di pescatori- Lago Como Paesaggio alpino Landscape - Paesaggio 12 The vast artistic heritage that Extremadura preserves reflects the great variety of peoples and cultures that have lived in these lands since prehistoric times. El extenso patrimonio artístico que Extremadura conserva, refleja la gran variedad de pueblos y culturas que desde épocas prehistóricas han habitado estas tierras. Mérida preserves some of the most outstanding Roman monuments including a colossal theatre, an amphitheatre, two aqueducts and a bridge. Mérida conserva algunos de los más destacados monumentos romanos que incluyen un teatro colosal, un anfiteatro, dos acueductos y un puente. 14 The old town of Caceres was declared a World Heritage City by UNESCO in 1986. La ciudad antigua de Cáceres fue declarada Patrimonio Mundial de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 1986. This beautiful town is dominated by a Mudejar style monastery which preserves valuable works of art. Esta hermosa población está dominada por un monasterio de estilo mudéjar que conserva valiosas obras de arte. It is well known for its beautiful main square. There are also a great medieval castle and the well-preserved town-walls with seven doors. 15 The port of La Rochelle has been standing here since the XIIIth century. It was very likely fortified from the beginning. The towers date back to the XIVth and XVth centuries. They outlived the destruction of the ramparts after the Siege of 1628. On the left St Nicolas Tower, the tallest, and opposite the Chain Tower both a lighthouse and a defense tower which used to be linked to the latter by a defensive wall. The Old Port Le Vieux Port The Great Clock Tower La Tour de l’horloge Le port de La Rochelle date du 13e siècle et a été joliment fortifié à ses débuts. Les tours datent du 14e au 15e siècle. Les remparts furent détruits après le siège de La Rochelle de 1628. Sur la gauche, se trouvent la Tour Saint Nicolas, la plus grande, et à l’opposé la Tour de la Chaîne, ainsi que la Tour de la Lanterne qui font parties du mur défensif. 16 The Natural and History Museum - Musée d’Histoire Naturelle House of Henri II - Maison de Henri II The Cathedral : La cathédrale The train station : La gare The Law Court : Tribunal d’Instance St Sauveur church - Eglise Saint Sauveur 17 The below monuments have historical (are all historic buildings of technology or culture and are connected with important events from the past) and leisure values. They form a group of places which everyone should visit. The Ballestrems Family Palace in Pławniowice (XIX century) The historic silver mine in Tarnowskie Góry Marian Sanctuary Jasna Góra and the Pauline Monastery in Częstochowa (XIV century) Royal castle in Będzin (XIII-XIV) 18 Industry and Railway Museum in Jaworzyna Śląska Open-air Upper Silesian Ethnographic Park in Chorzów Poniższe zabytki mają zarówno walor historyczny (są zabytkami techniki, kultury, mają związek z ważnymi wydarzeniami z przeszłości) jak i wypoczynkowy. Tworzą zbiór miejsc gdzie po prostu warto się udad. Palace in Pszczyna (XII century) The Castle of Cracow’s Bishops in Siewierz(XII-XIII century) 19 Eskihisar Osman Hamdi Bey : It had been constructed as a complex consisting of the mansion, painting hall, and boathouse by Turkish Painter and art collector Osman Hamdi Bey (1842-1910) at 1884, at Gebze Eskihisar. The flower paintings on the doors, which he had drawn between 1901 – 1903, the mansion has the value of painting. The painter had drawn his most famous paintings here, during the 26 years he lived here. The mansion had been restored in 1984. It is being used as a museum since 19.08.1987, in which the paintings, photographs, and reproductions of Osman Hamdi Bey. Osman Hamdi Bey köşkü Gebze’nin Eskihisar semtinde bulunmaktadır.1884 yılında ünlü türk ressam ve sanat eseri koleksiyoncusu Osman Hamdi Bey tarafından resim salonu ,kayıkhane ve konak yapılarının mimarisinin karışımı olarak inşa edilmiştir.1901-1910 yılları arasında kapılara çizdiği çiçek resimleri konağın en değerli çizimleridir.Ressam kendisinin en ünlü tablosunu burada yaşadığı 26 yıl boyunca çizmiştir.1084 yılında konak restore edilmiştir.19-081987 yılından beri içinde resimlerini ,fotograflarını ve reprodüksiyonlarınıı barındıran bir müze olarak kullanılmaktadır. 20 Clock Tower Saat Kulesi Şehrin Tipik saat The characteristic clock tower of kulesi Atatürk büstü ve Av the city, located between the köşkünün arasına dönemin hunting mansion and Atatürk valisi Musa Kazım Bey tarafından Sculpture has been constructed Sultan 2.Abdülhamit’in Tahta by İzmit governor Musa Kazım geçişinin 25 yıl dönümü Bey, for the 25th anniversary of sebebiyetiyle inşa Sultan Abdülhamit II's ascending edilmiştir.Hereke Taşancıl’da the throne. It has been bulunan traverter taşlarından constructed in Neoclassical neoklasik tarzında yapılmıştır. method and is made of Hereke Tavşancıl and travertine stones. Mimar (Architecture) Sinan Bridge is at the east of Gebze on the Dil stream. It had been constructed in the 16th century, by Architecture Sinan. This stone bridge is 65 meters long and it has three belts. There are evacuation holes in the middle of the columns of it. KÖPRÜLER: Mimar Sinan Köprüsü Gebze’nin doğusundaki Dil akarsuyunun üzerinde yer almaktadır ve16. yy da Mimar Sinan tarafından inşa edilmiştir.Taş köprü 65 m uzunluğundadır ve 3 kemerden oluşmaktadır. Pembe Mansion: It had been constructed at the beginning of the 20th century. It has three floors, and guillotine windows. It had been restored by the Governorship of Kocaeli. The wooden works of the mansion had been arranged according to its original. Today it can be used by the public. It has a cafeteria, and a coiffeur PEMBE KÖŞK: 20. yy başlarında inşa edilmiştir.3 kattan ve giyotin şeklindeki pencerelerden oluşmaktadır.Kocaeli valiliği tarafından restore edilmiştir.Ahşap işlemeler orjinaline sadık kalınarak yeniden oluşturulmuştur.Bugün halk tarafından kullanılmaktadır.Kafeteryası ve kuaförü vardır. 21 Castello Sforzesco The Cathedral- Duomo S. Maria delle Grazie: The Last Supper L’Ultima Cena (Leonardo da Vinci) Peace Arch - Arco della Pace Teatro La Scala Pavia is a universsity city near Milan with interesting places to visit. The Certosa di Pavia, shrine of the Blessed Virgin Mary Mother of Grace, is a monastery and complex in Lombardy built in 1396-1495. It is renowned for the exuberance of his architecture in both the Gothic and Reanissance styles and fo itscollection of artworks. La Certosa The bridge over the Po Il ponte sul Po 22 It is a town nearby Pavia. Lots of tourists visit it because of its history, monuments and traditions. Vigevano: Piazza Ducale Montava is a little jewel in the north of Italy. It has an important role in the history of opera and the city is known for its several architectural treasures, elegant palaces and its medieval and Renaissance cityscape. It is also the town where Romeo was banished in Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet. 23 The quality of Extremaduran gastronomy stems from the excellent quality of its basic ingredients, which is the reason why the region has one of the most extensive lists of “Denominaciones de Origen” in the whole of Spain. Such success is mainly the result of maintaining traditional large scale production methods generally associated with the pasturelands and with the concept of sustainable development which reconciles high productivity with respect for the environment. Cheese from Extremadura Quesos de Extremadura Iberian ham Jamón ibérico Crumbs Migas 25 La calidad de la gastronomía extremeña se debe a la excelente calidad de sus ingredientes básicos, que es la razón por la cual la región tiene una de las listas más extensas de "Denominaciones de Origen" en el conjunto de España. Este éxito se debe principalmente al mantenimiento de los métodos tradicionales de producción a gran escala, por lo general, asociados con la dehesa y con el concepto de desarrollo sostenible que concilia la alta productividad con el respeto por el medio ambiente. Gazpacho is a cold tomatobased raw vegetable soup Lamb stew Caldereta de cordero Extremaduran desserts and sweets are mostly prepared using wheat flour, honey, pork fat, milk, sugar and olive oil. Los postres y dulces extremeños son en su mayoría elaborados con harina de trigo, miel, manteca de cerdo, leche, azúcar y aceite de oliva. Perrunillas Pestiños Roscas fritas Floretas 26 Oysters: The Charente Maritime is France’s largest oyster producer and the Marennes oysters are particularly prized. Huîtres: La Charente Maritime est le plus grand poducteur de France et celle de Marennes est très appréciée. Oysters from Marennes Mussels: They can be eaten all the year, but they are their best from May through the summer. Mussels can be eaten with Mouclade, a creamy, lightly curry-flavoured sauce. Moules: elles peuvent être mangées toute l’année, mais sont meilleures de mai à l’été. Les moules peuvent être dégustées en mouclade, une sauce à la crème et au curry. Fish: Plenty of seawater fish are on the menu: sea bass, sea bream, skate, sardines … Poissons: Beaucoup de poissons de mer sont au menu : bar, daurade, raie, sardines ... 27 Salt marsh of Ré Island Salt: The salt from the Charente Maritime is world-famous. From the salt marshes, during the summer, it comes plain or favoured with herbs and spices. Sel: Le sel de Charente Maritime est connu partout dans le monde. Il provient des marais salants et arrive pur ou mélangé à des herbes et des épices. Potatoes: L’île de Ré is famous for its lightly skinned potato … Pommes de terre: L’Ile de Ré est célèbre pour sa pomme de terre ... Butter: Butter made in Poitou-Charente is an AOC butter coming from Surgères. Beurre: Le beurre de Poitou-Charente est un beurre AOC et provient de Surgères. Pineau: Eating out in the Charente Maritime, you are bound to be offered an aperitif of Pineau. It’s a fortified wine that’s made with a blend of unfermented grape and cognac. Pineau: On vous offrira un verre de pineau en Charente Maritime comme apéritif. C’est un vin cuit à base de raisins fermentés et de cognac. 28 Silesian cuisine has been influenced by middle European cuisines, but it distinguishes by specific features. For centuries it has mixed up with cuisines of many nations, particularly Czech, German, Hungarian, and Polish. In turn, it influenced the culinary tradition of those nations. Żurek śląski Sour rye soup Silesian Roulade Śląska rolada Kluski Śląskie Silesian Dumplings 29 Kuchnia śląska należy do kuchni środkowoeuropejskich, wyróżnia się jednak pośród nich charakterystycznymi cechami. Przez wieki mieszała się tu kuchnia rdzenna z kuchnią polską, czeską, węgierska i niemiecką. Ze względu na wielonarodowościowy charakter tej krainy, tutejsza kuchnia jest niejednolita w swym charakterze. Modra kapusta Red Cabbage Śląskie Oblaty Silesian Waffer Makówka Poppy-seed dessert Typical for Christmas Eve 30 Simit is a circular bread with sesame seed and is a popular food during breakfast in Turkey. Simit Türkiye’nin kahvaltıda kullanılan en popular yiyeceğidir.Şekli yuvarlaktır ve üzerinde susamlar vardır. Doner: An old Turkish favourite. Compressed lamb and beef combination slowly grilled on a vertical rotisserie by open flame. As it turns, the meat is slowly carved down in very thin slices with a very long knife. It can be served on a plate, but also on pita bread, together with your choice tomato sauce, onions and lettuce. Döner: Eski bir Türk yiyeceğidir.Sıkıştırılmış koyun ve büftek eti karışımından oluşmuştur.Bu karışım dikey olarak yerleştirilir ve yavaşça açık ateşte pişirilir.Döndükçe uzun bir bıçak yardımıyla çok ince dilimler halinde et kesilir. Tabakta sade olarak servis edildiği gibi pide ile beraber üzerine domates sosu dökülerek yanında soğan ve marulla beraber de yenilebilir. Lahmacun: The delicious "Turkish pizza" as also called, on a thin layer of pastry mince meat is spread - with tomato, onion, salt and parsley - spiced with red pepper from mild to hot. Lahmacum: Lezzetli bir Türk yiyeceğidir. Aynı zamanda türk pizzası olarakta bilinir. İnce hamura üzerine soğan domates tuz ile birlikte kıyma serpilir. Yavaş yavaş fırında pişirilir. 31 Kumpir: Simply made from potatoes. Various kinds of food such as Russian salade, pickles, pea, mushroom are mixed and put into a baked potato, together with cheese. KUMPİR: Sadece patatesten yapılmıştır.Rus salatası,turşu ,bezelye,mantar gibi çeşitli yityecekler karıştırılır haşlanmış patatesin içine konur ve peynir ile servis edilir. Anchovy: Fish is an important item of Turkish food especially in winter when the summer vegetables are scarce. The best fish in Turkey is the 'Hamsi'. The Turks have fifty ways of cooking Hamsi. HAMSİ: Yaz sebzelerinin nadir olduğu kış mevsiminin vazgeçilmez yiyeceği balıktır.Hamsi Türkiye’deki en iyi balık türüdür.Hamsiyi 50 çeşit pişirme yöntemi vardır. “Pişmaniye” which is the local dessert of kocaeli is made by giving the sugar the shape of fibre. PİŞMANİYE: Kocaeli şehrinin yerel tatlısıdır ve şekerin iplik şekli verilerek pişirilmesiyle oluşur. 32 The regional cuisine of Lombardy is heavily based upon ingredients like maize, rice, beef, pork, butter, and lard. Rice dishes are very popular in this region, often found in soups as well as risotto. Pizzoccheri are a type of short tagliatelle, a flat ribbon pasta, made with 80% buckwheat flour and 20% wheat flour. They are cooked along with greens and cubed potatoes. Pizzoccheri: una sorta di tagliatelle spesse 2 o 3 mm, larghe 1 cm e lunghe 7 cm ricavate da un impasto preparato con due terzi di farina di grano saraceno, che denota la loro colorazione grigiastra, ed un terzo di farina di frumento. Risotto alla Milanese is flavoured with saffron and typically served with many typical Milanese main courses. Bresaola is air-dried salted beef that has been aged two or three months until it becomes hard and turns a dark red, almost purple colour. 33 Panettone is a type of sweet bread loaf originally from Milan usually prepared and enjoyed for Christmas and New Year. Il Panettone è un tipico dolce milanese, associato alle tradizioni gastronomiche del Natale. Torta Paesana: a typical homemade cake. Very simple ingredients are used: stale bread, milk, sugar, cocoa powder and pine kernels. Franciacorta is a sparkling wine from Lombardy with DOCG status produced from grapes grown within the boundaries of the territory of Franciacorta, on the hills of a series of townships to the south of Lake Iseo in the Province of Brescia. 34 In Extremadura there are many traditional costumes, here are some examples from different areas. En Extremadura hay muchos trajes tradicionales, estos son algunos ejemplos de distintas comarcas. 36 Extremaduran folk music can be characterized by a melancholy sound, and Portuguese influences, as well as the predominance of the zambomba drum. There is also a rich repertoire of tabor music. Popular songs include: de ronda; de bodas; de quintos; de Nochebuena. Jota is also common, here played with triangles, castanets, guitars, tambourines, accordions and zambombas. La música tradicional extremeña se caracteriza por un sonido melancólico, y las influencias portuguesas, así como el predominio de la zambomba. También hay un rico repertorio de música de tamboril. Las canciones más populares incluyen: de ronda, de bodas, de quintos, de Nochebuena. Jota también es común, aquí toca con triángulos, castañuelas, guitarras, panderetas, acordeones y zambombas. La zambomba El tamboril 37 Traditional costumes of our region. The traditional dances of our region are named : scottish, valses, polka, marzuka, circassienne, quadrille, bâton ad circles. Dance of circles 38 Some traditional costumes of our region Quelques costumes traditionnels de notre región. .. 39 Kołomajka to taniec Beskidu Śląskiego. Polega na dwóch podskokach w prawo ze złączeniem nóg, następnie noga lewa wysuwana jest do przodu i szybko powraca ona na miejsce. Ten sam ruch robiony jest w lewo, ale do przodu wysuwana jest noga prawa. Kolomajka is traditional dance from Silesian Beskidy. The dancers jump twice with joined legs, and then the left leg is moved forward and quickly back on its place. The same move is done to the left but this time the right leg is moved forward. Polonez – reprezentacyjny polski taniec ludowy. Pochodzi z XVI/XVII wieku. Taoczony był na rozpoczęcie balów, również obecnie inauguruje niektóre imprezy, dla podkreślenia ich uroczystego charakteru (np. studniówki). Polonez – representative Polish folk dance. It dates back to XVI/XVII century. It was danced at the beginning of balls, nowadays it opens some events to underline their formal aspect (e.g. prom) 40 The dancers make two lines one consists of girls only and the second one consists of boys. There’s always one boy more than girls. One boy stands in the moddle with a broom, and he is a “broomer”(“Mietlorz”). During the dance he brooms and touches the legs of the dancers. He is also watching the girl he wants to dance with. The name Mietlorz is taken from the word broom- miotła. Mietlorz to kolejny śląski taniec ludowy, wykonywany w szeregach składających się z tancerzy i tancerek. Chłopcy i dziewczęta, stają w naprzeciw siebie. Chłopców zawsze jest o jednego więcej niż dziewcząt. Dodatkowy stoi w środku sali z miotłą i jest "mietlorzem". Podczas taoca "zamiata", zawadzając umyślnie o nogi pozostałych tancerzy i upatruje tancerki z którą zechce zataoczyd. Nazwa taoca pochodzi od rekwizytu używanego podczas zabawy jakim jest: miotła. Kaziorajka jest taoczona w trójkach, chłopiec i dwie dziewczynki tworzą kółko. Kaziorajka is danced in circles - one boy and two girls. 41 Characteristic features of Turkish traditional dress include the layering of garments, distinctive surface or woven-in decoration on the fabrics, and a geometriccut. Wool, silk, and cotton, fibers indigenous to Turkey, are commonly used for apparel. Separate garments are layered to accommodate the need for adjustments according to climate; to create storage areas for coins and other small items in fabric folds; and to create a system for holding garments onto the body. Careful cutting exposes portions of garments underneath the top layers. Surface design is achieved by embroidering, dyeing, or weaving. Men in traditional dress at the festival of Edirne in 1954 Common items are the salvar (baggy trouser), gomlek (chemise), ucetek (three-skirted cloak), and elaborate headgear that always includes one or more headscarves for women. Sleeveless vests and waist-length jackets are also common, as are aprons for women. The layers are held together by a girdle or belt, or by a shawl (sal kusak) that is folded and wrapped around the waist. With the exception of the face, the body completely covered. Portions of the men's body are left exposed, such as the head, face, and neck, with the exception of a headdress. In the traditional dress of some areas of Turkey, portions of the legs are exposed. Turkish traditional dress was relatively unisex, but certain distinguishing features clearly indicated gender. Primary among these was the style of headdress. In the Ottoman court, male headdress distinguished social and economic positions. Head-dresses such as the turban, used throughout the Ottoman empire from before the Turks' capture of Constantinople in 1453 to the early nineteenth century, and the fez, used for about 100 years after the demise of the turban, became symbols of identity for Turkish men during their respective periods of use. Both were outlawed: the turban in 1829 when the fez was adopted, and the fez in 1925—in favor of the Western-style brimmed hat. 42 GELENEKSEL TÜRK GİYSİ ÇEŞİTLERİ: Geleneksel Türk giysi tarzı kumaş üzerine işlenmiş ,geometrik kesimlerden oluşmuş bir tarzı içermektedir.Yün ,ipek ve pamuk Türkiye’nin yerel dokuma ürünleridir ve süs olarak kullanılmaktaydı.Farklı ayrı kumaşlar havanın durumuna göre , bozuk para koymak için ve vücutta taşınmak istenen diğer eşyaları taşımak için bu giysilerin üzerine sarılarak kullanılmaktaydı.Kumaşın yüzeyi işlemelerle, boyamayla ve örgüyle süslenmiştir. Genel olarak şalvar , gömlek , 3 etek ve şık başörtüleri kullanılmaktaydı ki kadınlar için bu birden fazla başörtüsü anlamına gelmekteydi.Kolsuz yelekler ve boydan ceketler ayrıca çok kullanılmaktaydı.Kadınlar için ise önlükler populerdi.Katmanları bele bağlanan bir kuşak yada şal ile yüzü ve vücudu tamamen kapatması amacıyla bir arada tutturulurdu.Erke vücutlarının yüz kafa boyun gibi bazı bölgeleri açık bırakılabilinirdi.Türkiyenin bazı bölgelerinde ise bacakların bir kısmıda açık bırakılabilinirdi.Türklerin geleneksel giysisi unisextir fakat bazı kesinleşmiş cinsiyet ayrımı yapan giysilerde vardır.En önemlisi , kavukların şekilleridir ki bu şekiller kişilerin sosyal ve ekonomik durumlarını ayırt etmede kullanılırdı.Türban 1453 te Türklerin İstanbulu’u keşfinden önce Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminden 19. yy başlarına kadar kullanılmıştır. kullanılmaya başlanmıştır.Fes türbanın kaldırılmasından sonra 100 yıl boyunca kullanılmıştır ve saygı ifadesi amacıyla türk erkekleri tarafından kullanılmıştır.Her ikiside sonradan kaldırıldı : türban fes geldiği zaman 1825 ‘de fes ise kıyafet inkılabı yapıldığı zaman 1925’de tedavülden kaldırıldı. 43 The typical boat of Lake of Como Tipica barca Lago di Como Renzo adn Lucia, the main characters in “The betrothed” by A. Manzoni. Lucia e Renzo costumei. Typical costumes from Pregnana, a little villaje near Como. The carding Costumi traditionali di Pregnana. Costume contadino carditrice di lana 44 Traditional Carnival Costumes 45 Extremadura holds major events all year round in the fields of music, cinema, literature, theatre and folklore, and they take place in venues such as castles, arched town squares and historic centres. The calendar is completed with summer theatre festivals in the towns of Mérida, Cáceres, Alcántara and Alburquerque. Classical Theatre Festival in Mérida Medieval Festival in Cáceres Extremadura tiene grandes eventos durante todo el año en los campos de la música, el cine, la literatura, el teatro y el folclore, y se llevan a cabo en lugares como castillos, plazas porticadas de las ciudades y centros históricos. El calendario se completa con los festivales estivales de teatro en las ciudades de Mérida, Cáceres, Alcántara y Alburquerque. Medieval Festival in Alburquerque Classical Theatre Festival in Alcántara 47 Extremadura has an extraordinary number of tourist interest festivals. Ancestral origins, historical celebrations, religious fervor and love and respect for nature are identification signs of these celebrations. El Jarramplas in Piornal Las Carantoñas in Acehúche Extremadura cuenta con un extraordinario número de fiestas de interés turístico. Orígenes ancestrales, celebraciones históricas, fervor religioso y amor y respeto a la naturaleza son signos identificativos de ellas. The Holy Cross in Feria La Encamisá in Torrejoncillo 48 Every year, for six days in July, La Rochelle is taken over by music. The Francofolies is a festival and a veritable institution. Rock, pop, jazz or rap: the 150 000 people who invade the town each year will find something to their taste. Chaque année, pendant 6 jours en juillet, La Rochelle est la capitale de la musique. Les Francofolies sont un festival et une véritable institution. Rock, pop, jazz ou rap : les 150 000 personnes qui envahissent la ville chaque année trouvent toujours quelque chose à écouter. Cinemas is catered too with four festivals to rival Cannes: the International film festival, the TV fiction festival, the Adventure film festival, the Sunny side of the doc ! Les cinémas participent également à quatre festivals et peuvent rivaliser avec Cannes : Le festival international du film, le festival des fictions TV, le festival du film d’aventure, ... 49 For water lovers, La Rochelle also hosts major nautical shows as Le Grand Pavois and prestigious races, such the Solitaire du Figaro, the Charente Maritime-Bahia transatlantic race … Pour les amoureux de la mer, La Rochelle accueillent aussi des événements nautiques importants comme Le Grand pavois, et des courses prestigieuses comme la Solitaire du figaro, ou la Course transatlantique Charente Maritime-Bahia …. 50 Harvest Festival called ‘Dozynki” is the biggest annual farmers holiday which is held after all important field work has ended and crops, especially grain crops, have been gathered. This is a day of farmers’ celebrations as a reward for their labor and effort. Święto Żniw “Dożynki” jest największym dorocznym świętem rolników. Obchodzone po tym, jak cała ważna praca na polu została zakooczona a zbiory, szczególnie zboże zostało zebrane. Święto to jest nagrodą za wysiłek i ciężką pracę. Every year in June our local community celebrate an annual event called ‘Siewierz Days’. This event is usually held at the weekend and lasts for three days. During these days local residents and visitors can spend their free time having fun, playing games, visiting the castle, watching concerts, sports competitions and knights’ fights. Każdego roku w czerwcu nasza społecznośd obchodzi “Dni Siewierza”. To wydarzenie odbywa się w weekend i trwa trzy dni. Podczas tych kilku dni mieszkaocy oraz goście spędzają swój czas dobrze się bawiąc, uczestnicząc w różnych zabawach, zwiedzając zamek, oglądając koncerty, zawody sportowe czy walki rycerskie. 51 Barbórka, Miners' Day is one of the most celebrated days in the Upper Silesia. St. Barbara is a patron of coal miners and the festival is held annually on December 4th.Miners' profession was always considered dangerous but prestigious therefore this day has been celebrated for centuries in a spectacular way. Miners are dressed in the special uniforms during Barbórka. The uniform consists of black suit and a hat with a feather. Miners from coal-mines of Silesia and Zagłębie do not work underground during this day but participate in festivities. Barbórka, Święto Górników jest jednym z najbardziej świątecznych dni na Górnym Śląsku, odbywa się corocznie 4 grudnia. W Barbórkę górnicy ubrani są w świąteczne mundury składające się z czarnego garnituru i kapelusza z pióropuszem. Górnicy ze śląska i zagłębia nie pracują pod ziemią w tym dniu, ale uczestniczą w uroczystościach. 52 Istanbul International Film Festival, April İSTANBUL ULUSLAR ARASI FİLM FESTİVALİ , NİSAN 1915 Sea Victory Celebration - Canakkale, March 1915 DENİZ ZAFERİ KUTLAMASI – ÇANAKKALE , MART Tulip Festival - Istanbul, April – May LALE FESTİVALİ – İSTANBUL ,NİSAN –MAYIS International Offshore Races - Istanbul, Izmir, June ULUSLAR ARASI OFFSHORE YARIŞLARI, İSTANBULİZMİR, HAZİRAN 53 International Kus Cenneti Culture and Tourism, June Tekirdag Cherry Festival, June ULUSLAR ARASI KUŞ CENNETİ KÜLTÜR VE TURİZM TEKİRDAĞ VİŞNE FESTİVALİ ,HAZİRAN FESTİVALİ , HAZİRAN Traditional Kirkpinar Wrestling - Edirne, June- July International Bursa Festival - Bursa, June- July GELENEKSEL KIRKPINAR YAĞLI GÜREŞLERİ –EDİRNE ULUSLAR ARASI BURSA FESTİVALİ –BURSA , ,HAZİRAN-TEMMUZ HAZİRAN ,TEMMUZ 54 The typical Bonfire on the last Thursday of January. The “Giubiana”, the witch. The three Wise Men on January 6th – Re Magi Milano 55 Paho of the geese. It takes place in Mortara Paho delle oche Mortara “Carroccio” in Legnano 56