PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACT BOOK
Transkript
PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACT BOOK
4th INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATED ENTOMOPATHOGENS AND MICROBIAL CONTROL SYMPOSIUM 11-14 September 2013 ARTVIN, TURKEY PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACT BOOK Responsibilities of all abstracts contained in this book belong to the authors. 4th INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATED ENTOMOPATHOGENS AND MICROBIAL CONTROL SYMPOSIUM 11-14 September 2013 ARTVIN, TURKEY Cover Design Ġbrahim Burak KALEOĞLU Composition Research Assist. Halil Ġbrahim GÜLER Print Demokrat Coruh Printing September 2013 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 2 HONORARY CHAIRMEN Kemal CĠRĠT (Governer of Artvin) Prof. Dr. Mehmet DUMAN (Rector of Artvin Çoruh University) Prof. Dr. Yılmaz ALTUN (Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences) THE HEAD OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Assist. Prof. Dr. Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Assist. Prof. Dr. Gökhan BAYRAMOĞLU Assist. Prof. Dr. AyĢegül BAYRAMOĞLU Assist. Prof. Dr. Melahat ÖZCAN Assist. Prof. Dr. Handan KARAOĞLU Assist. Prof. Dr. Suat ÇOLAK Research Assist. Mehmet DEMĠRALAY Research Assist. Halil Ġbrahim GÜLER Research Assist. AyĢegül SARAL Research Assist. Mustafa Çağatay KORKMAZ 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 3 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey Ömer Faruk ALGUR, Atatürk University, Turkey Fikrettin ġAHĠN, Yeditepe University, Turkey Selçuk HAZIR, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey Basil M. ARIF, Canadian Forest Research Center, Canada Edwin E. LEVIS, University of California, USA Tariq BUTT, University of Wales Swansea, United Kingdom Johannes JEHLE, Julius Kuehn Institute, Germany Sebahattin ÖZCAN, Ankara University, Turkey Jorgen EILENBERG, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Sabahat SULLIVAN, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey Mustafa AVCI, Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey ġaban TEKĠN, GaziosmanpaĢa University, Turkey Ġsmail Alper SUSURLUK, Uludağ University, Turkey Madoka NAKAI, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Japan Ramazan CANHĠLAL, Erciyes University, Turkey Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Meriç KUMBAġLI, Ġstanbul University, Turkey Mohammadreza Rezapanah, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Iran Temel GÖKTÜRK, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Madea BURJANADZE, Vasil Gulisashvili Forest Institute, Georgia Itamar GLAZER, The Volcani Center, Israel Ali SEVĠM, Ahi Evran University, Turkey Engin KILIÇ, Erzincan University, Turkey Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, Erzurum Technical University, Turkey Umut TOPRAK, Ankara University, Turkey 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 4 INVITED SPEAKERS Prof. Dr. Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Karadeniz Techinal University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ömer Faruk ALGUR, Atatürk University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Johannes JEHLE, Institute of Julius Kuehn, Germany Prof. Dr. Mohammadreza Rezapanah, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Iran Prof. Dr. Fikrettin ġAHĠN, Yeditepe University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Juan FERRE, University of Valencia, Spain Prof. Dr. Selçuk HAZIR, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Edwin E. LEVIS, California University, USA Prof. Dr. Basil M. ARIF, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Canada Prof. Dr. Itamar GLAZER, Volcani Centre, Israel Prof. Dr. Tariq BUTT, Swansea University, England Prof. Dr. Jorgen EILENBERG, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Prof. Dr. Zhihong HU, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Prof. Dr. Madea BURJANADZE, Vasil Guliashvili Forest Institute, Georgia Prof. Dr. ġaban TEKĠN, GaziosmanpaĢa University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Temel GÖKTÜRK, Artvin Coruh University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ġsmail DEMĠR, Karadeniz Techinal University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Madoka NAKAI, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan Assist. Prof. Dr. Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, Erzurum Techinal University, Turkey Dr. Umut TOPRAK, Ankara University, Turkey 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 5 Dear Colleagues, We are excited to host the “4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium” in “Land Adjacent to the Sky”, Artvin, shaped by Çoruh River flowing wildly through steep mountains. On behalf of Faculty of Science and Letters Biology Department of Artvin Çoruh University developing rapidly since its establishment in Turkey‟s green heaven Artvin, it‟s our pleasure to invite you to the “4 th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium” to be held from September 11th to 14th, 2013. This symposium will be a great opportunity for scientists and researchers to come together, to share the most up-to-date scientific research and advances in the fields of entomology and microbial control, gaining importance day by day and to exchange opinions on recent developments. The symposium will be held in two languages, English and Turkish. Looking forward to meeting you in the “4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium”, where you can enjoy both the rich scientific content and viridity of nature… On behalf of the Organizing Committee Assist. Prof. Dr. Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 6 PROGRAMME 11 SEPTEMBER 2013 WEDNESDAY REGISTRY MAIN SALOON 10:00 REGISTRATION 13:30-15:00 PIANO RECITAL AND OPENING CEREMONY SESSION 1 Session Chair (MAIN SALOON) Prof. Dr. Basil M. ARIF 15:00-15:30 Session Assistant Assoc. Prof. Dr. Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ 15:30-16:00 CATERING SESSION 2 (BLUE SALOON) Session Chair Prof. Dr. Selçuk HAZIR 16:00-16:30 Johannes JEHLE 16:30-17:00 Basil M. ARIF 18:30 WELCOME COCTAIL Session Assistant Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail DEMİR 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 7 12 SEPTEMBER 2013 THURSDAY SESSION 3 RED SALOON Session Chair Prof. Dr. Edwin E. LEWIS 09:00-09:30 Juan FERRE 09:30-10:00 Ömer Faruk ALGUR 10:00-10:30 Fikrettin ġAHĠN 10:30- 10:45 Session Assistant Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kazım SEZEN CATERING SESSION 4 RED SALOON Session Chair Prof. Dr. Ramazan CANHİLAL 10:45- 11:15 Selçuk HAZIR 11:15-11:45 Edwin E. LEWIS 11:45-12:15 Itamar GLAZER 12:15-13:15 Session Assistant Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlker KEPENEKÇİ LAUNCH RED SALOON BLUE SALOON Session Chair Prof. Dr. Fikrettin ŞAHİN Session Chair Prof. Dr. Şaban TEKİN Session Assistant Assist. Prof. Dr. Nurcan ALBAYRAK İSKENDER Session Assistant Assoc. Prof. Dr. Temel GÖKTÜRK SESSION 5 13:30-13:45 Manana KERESELIDZE Kuralay MAZARZHANOVA 13:45-14:00 Ahmet KATI Gürsel KARACA 14:00- 14:15 Ardahan ESKĠ Ġlker KEPENEKÇĠ 14:15- 15:00 15:30 CATERING BARBECUE and KAFKASÖR EXCURSION 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 8 13 SEPTEMBER 2013 FRIDAY SESSION 6 RED SALOON Session Chair Prof. Dr. Zihni DEMİRBAĞ Session Assistant Assist. Prof. Dr. Hacer MURATOĞLU 09:00-09:30 Zhihong HU 09:30-10:00 Madoka NAKAI 10:00-10:30 Mohammedreza REZAPANAH 10:30 - 11:00 SESSION 7 RED SALOON CATERING Session Chair Prof. Dr. M. REZAPANAH Session Assistant Assist. Prof. Dr. Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ 11:00-11:30 Umut TOPRAK 11:30-12:00 ġaban TEKĠN 12:00-12:30 Medea BURJANADZE 12:30 - 13:30 SESSION 8 RED SALOON LAUNCH Session Chair Prof. Dr. Juan FERRE 13:30- 14:00 Ġsmail DEMĠR 14:00-14:30 Jorgen EILENBERG 14:30-15:00 Tariq BUTT Session Assistant Assist. Prof. Dr. Engin KILIÇ A. Özgür ATEġ 15:00-15:15 SESSION 9 15:15 - 15:45 15:45-18:30 19:00 CATERING POSTER PRESENTATIONS GALA DINNER 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 9 14 SEPTEMBER 2013 SATURDAY SESSION 10 RED SALOON Session Chair Prof. Dr. Medea BURJANADZE Session Assistant Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hatice KATI 09:15- 09:30 Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER 09:30-10:00 Temel GÖKTÜRK 10:00-10:30 Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ SESSION 11 10:30 - 11:00 CATERING 11:00 -12:00 CLOSING 12:00-12:45 LAUNCH 13:00 CAMILI EXCURSION 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS Oral Presentations: Functional analysis of AMEV serine/threonin protein kinase gene and its role in host specificity Hacer MURATOĞLU, Duygu BEKĠRCAN, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Srini PERERA, Basil M. ARIF, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ…………………………………………………................................................................18 Use of Insect Microflora in Biotechnological Studies Ömer Faruk ALGUR………………………………………………………………..……...............................19 Biological Control of Pest Insects in Germany - Presence and Future Johannes A. JEHLE……………………………………………………………………...................................20 Codling moth control by Cydia pomonella granulovirus in organic apple orchards: lessons from the differences Mohammadreza REZAPANAH……………………………………………………………............................21 Biological effects of novel commercial formulations developed for mosquito control Fikrettin ġAHĠN, M. Muge YAZICI, Huseyin ÇETĠN, Yusuf KAYA………………………………………22 New insights into the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A insecticidal proteins Juan FERRÉ, Maissa CHAKROUN, Yolanda BEL, Núria BANYULS, Baltasar ESCRICHE.......................23 Entomopathogenic nematodes: evaluation of different application methods and their persistence in the soil in the presence of a natural enemy Selçuk HAZIR, Karthik R. RAMALINGAM………………………………………………………………...24 Ecological and behavioral theory lay the groundwork for successful biological control with entomopathogenic nematodes Edwin E. LEWIS……………………………………………………………………………………………...25 Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Key Pests in Israel Itamar GLAZER………………………………………………………………………………………………26 Enhancing the efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi Tariq M. BUTT………………………………………………………………………………………………..27 The three major taxonomic groups of insect pathogenic fungi: phylogeny, life cycle with insects and coevolution Jørgen EILENBERG………………………………………………………………………………………….28 Comparative proteomics of HearNPV budded and occlusion-derived virus Zhihong HU…………………………………………………………………………………………………...29 Pathogens and nematodes of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Georgia coniferous forest Medea BURJANADZE……………………………………………………………………………………….30 Use of Entomopathogens in The Biological Control of Ticks ġaban TEKĠN, Adem KESKIN……………………………………………………………………………….31 Viral biocontrol agents, past, present and future: A Canadian perspective Basil M. ARIF…………………………………………………………………………………………….......32 The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal on larvaes of Hypantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) damaging on leafed trees Temel GÖKTÜRK, Ömer Naci KAYA,YaĢar AKSU………………………………………………………..33 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 11 Entomopathogenic fungi: A promising biological control agent against bark beetles Ġsmail DEMĠR, Seda KOCAÇEVĠK, Ali SEVĠM, Mahmut EROĞLU, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ…………….......34 Potential of slow-killing insect viruses to control leaf-rollers in tea fields Madoka NAKAI…………….…………………………………………………………………………...........35 A Study on the Production, Purification and Acaricidal Activity of a Red Pigment from Beauveria bassiana isolate Paf04 Serkan ORTUCU, Murat OZDAL, Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDER, Omer Faruk ALGUR………..........36 The First Study on Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana to Control The Little Spruce Sawfly Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Turkey Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDER, Serkan ORTUCU, AyĢegül SARAL, YaĢar AKSU…………………….37 Investigations on bacteria as a potential biological control agents on corn stalk borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Ardahan ESKĠ, Mustafa GÜLLÜ, Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICI, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR…………....38 First results on the susceptibility of two forest pest insects for a Georgian isolate of Isaria fumosorosea Manana KERESELIDZE, Andreas LINDE, Daniela PILARSKA, Slavimira DRAGANOVA………….......39 Development of methods for the selection of strains of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., effective against of bark beetle (Ips sexdentatus Boern., Ips hauseri Reitter) Kuralay MAZARZHANOVA, Anastasiya LUKINA, Nurzhan MUKHAMADIYEV, Nursagım AġIKBAEV…………………………………………………………………………………………………...40 Baculuvirus-insect peritrophic matrix interaction: Can we develop more effective baculoviruses using the knowledge on enhancin-insect intestinal mucins substrate specificity? Umut TOPRAK, Dwayne D. HEGEDUS, Martin A. ERLANDSON, David THEILMANN………………..41 Effects of Some Entomopathogen Fungi Against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelehiidae) Gürsel KARACA, Burcu AÇILOĞLU, Hatice ACARBULUT ve Ġsmail KARACA………………………..42 Determination Of Bioactive Entomopathogen Bacteria Scale-Up Strategies Ahmet KATI, Ali Özhan AYTEKĠN, Ġkbal Agah ĠNCE, Fikrettin ġAHĠN………………………………….43 Evaluation of aqueous suspension and infected cadaver application of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against root-knot nematodes (Tylenchida: Meloidoginidae) Ġlker KEPENEKCI, Emre EVLICE, Selçuk HAZIR and Adnan TÜLEK…………………………………....44 Potential of two entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, as biological control agents against the June beetle, Polyphylla fullo (L.) Özgür ATEġ, Burcu AÇILOĞLU and Fedai ERLER………………………………………………………...45 Poster Presentations: Development of a New Bio-Insecticide For Controlling The Lepidopteran Pests Kazım SEZEN, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Ġsmail DEMĠR, Hüseyin TEPE, Ġslam YILDIZ, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ………………………………………………………………………………....…………47 Isolation, characterization and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis from warehouses in Trabzon Meriç DEMELĠ, Kazım SEZEN, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ……………………………………………………...…48 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 12 The effect rates of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal using in Biological control of Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae) YaĢar AKSU, Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLU, Berna ÇELĠK GÖKTÜRK……………………………………..49 Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Natural Entomopathogenic Fungi Özlem GÜVEN, Fatma Gül ÖZÇELĠK……………………………………………………………………….50 Isolation and characterization of a parasitic nematode, Oscheius myriophila (Nematoda: Rhabditida), associated with European mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) Zeynep ERBAġ, Zihni DEMIRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR………………………………………………………...51 The isolation, characterization and pathogenicity of bacteria from Ephestia (Cadra) cautella Ġslam YILDIZ, Kazım SEZEN, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ………………………………………………………….52 In vitro characterization of Chilo iridescent virus 012L encoded protein YeĢim AKTÜRK DĠZMAN, Cemal SANDALLI, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU………..53 Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae): Efficacy against Leptinotarsa decemlineata L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Agelastica alni L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Zeynep ERBAġ, Zihni DEMIRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR……………………………………………………...…54 Screening of entomopathogenic fungi against the Grey corn weevil, Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Ġsmail DEMĠR, Mustafa GÜLLÜ, Emine SÖNMEZ, Seda KOCAÇEVĠK, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ…………….55 Highly Effective Bacterial Agents against Cimbex quadrimaculatus (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae): Isolation of Bacteria and Their Insecticidal Activities Ġsmail DEMĠR, Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICI, Halil BOLU, Ġnanç ÖZGEN, Zeynep ERBAġ, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ......................................................................................................................................................56 Host related transactivation of serine / threonine protein kinase gene of Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus Duygu BEKĠRCAN, Hacer MURATOĞLU, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Basil M. ARIF, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ…………………………………………………………………………………………………..57 Pathogenicity of Beauveria pseudobassiana from Dendroctonus micans Kugel. (Coleoptera: Curcunlionidae) against Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) Seda KOCAÇEVĠK, Ali SEVĠM, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Mahmut EROĞLU, Ġsmail DEMĠR………………...58 Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus encodes a functional protein kinase Hacer MURATOĞLU, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Basil M. ARIF, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ…………………..59 Determination of entomopathogenic bacteria species in Dermacentor marginatus and Rhipicephalus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Adem KESKIN, Ahmet BURSALI, Hüseyin TEPE, ġaban TEKIN………………………………………....60 Determination of entomopathogenic bacteria species in Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma excavatum (Acari: Ixodidae) Ahmet BURSALI, Adem KESKĠN, Hüseyin TEPE, ġaban TEKĠN…………………………………………61 The effect of plant quality on survival of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae infected by a nucleopolyhedrovirus Sibel ÇAVDAR, Oguzhan YANAR, Elif Fatma TOPKARA, Ġsmail DEMĠR……………………………….62 Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from the soil samples in Giresun Island Türkmen AYAKSIZ, Hatice KATI………………………………………………………………………...…63 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 13 The effect of boric acid on production of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein and bioactivity against Cadra cautella larvae Burcu ġAHĠN, Mehlika ALPER, Bekir ÇÖL, Oktay DURSUN, Hatice GÜNEġ…………………………...64 Determination of bacteriom of some hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) species using molecular methods Haktan ÇAĞLAYAN, ġaban TEKĠN, Ġsa KARAMAN, Ahmet BURSALI, Adem KESKĠN…………….…65 Susceptibility of the noxious social insects Blatta orientalis and Blattella germanica cockroaches to infection by entomopathogenic nematodes Nona MIKAIA………………………………………………………………………………………………...66 Role of sexuality in the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on heritability of effectiveness to hybrid strains Tufan Can ULU, Yasemin KONGU and Ġsmail Alper SUSURLUK………………………………………...67 Determination of Antibiotic Resistance of Some Pathogenic Fungi Adem ĠMALI, Zeynep BULġAN, Birgül ĠLHAN, Ferudun KOÇER………………………………………..68 Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae) is attracted to its phoretic host larva killed by the entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) Mehmet KARAGÖZ, Ġbrahim ÇAKMAK, Derya ULUĞ, Selçuk HAZIR…………………………………..69 Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated From Wheat Fields in the Villages at Kahramanmaraş City Center Özlem GÜVEN, Cihat KOZ, Ġsmail KARACA………………………………………………………………70 Survey On The Control Possibility Of Ephestiakuehniella Using Trichoderma Atroviridae Under Laboratory Conditions D. Zafari, S. Azimiyan, H. Madadi, F. Ghobadi Anvar……………………………………………………….71 Taguchi’s method in reducing the experiment numbers of production optimizing of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus H. ASSEMI, M. REZAPANAH, A. SAJJADI………...……………………………………………………...72 An effective bacterial isolate for the microbial control of Lobesia botrana (Lep.:Tortricidae) Lida MOHAMMAD GHOLIZAD, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ……………………………………………………...73 A new entomopathogenic fungus: Myriodontium keratinophilum (Ascomycota: Myriodontium) from Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) Emine SÖNMEZ, Ali SEVĠM, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR………………………………………....74 Genetic diversity of isolates of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus on tobacco budworm using PCR-RFLP technique A. SAJJADI, H. ASSEMI, M. REZAPANAH…….………………………………………………………….75 Entomopathogens & Environmental Sustainability Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU…………………………………………………………………………………….….76 The Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungus [Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus)] on the Black Cherry Aphid [Myzus cerasi Fabricus (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] Adults Ilker KEPENEKCI, Burcu ĠNAL, Emre EVLICE, Erçin OKSAL…………………………………………...77 Identification of Entomopathogenic fungi, Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus) by classical (morphologic and morphometric properties) and molecular methods Ġlker KEPENEKÇI, Emre EVLĠCE, Erçin OKSAL…………………………………………………………..78 Determination of efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) against a stored crop pest, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Ramazan CANHĠLAL, Fatmanur BORAZAN, Sevim DOĞAN, Yunus Emre ÖZDEMIR, Gizem EġGĠN, Hüseyin AKSOY………………………………………………………………………………………….......79 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 14 Investigation of bioactivities of natural Bacillus thuringiensis isolates on Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella Mehlika ALPER, Hilal TUNCA, Hatice GÜNEġ…………………………………………………………….80 Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis crops Mehlika ALPER………………………………………………………………………………………………81 The studies to increase the insecticidal effect of Cry toxins Mehlika ALPER………………………………………………………………………………………………82 Determination of the presence of entomopathogenic fungi in the region of Kayseri province and territory M. Alper ALTINOK, Adeviye AKPINAR, H. Handan ALTINOK………………………………………….83 Ecological Diversity Of Entomopathogens Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU, Merve KÖKSAL……………………………………………………………………84 Future Benefıts Of Insects Pathogens Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU………………………………………………………………………………………..85 Protein-Protein Interactions Of The Structural Proteins Of Chilo Iridescent Virus Emine ÖZġAHĠN, Monique van OERS, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Just VLAK, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ……86 Virulance of some entomopathogen bacteria against Chrysomelidae, Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata L.) and Alder leaf beetle (Agelastica alni L.) Ardahan ESKĠ, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR………………………………………………………….87 Metarhizium anisopliae: A promising fungal agent against Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) Emine SÖNMEZ, Ali SEVĠM, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR…………………………………………88 Elaboration of integrated plant protection from the fall webworm in urban environments Tsisa CHKHUBIANISHVILI, Iatamze MALANIA, Manana KAKHADZE………………………………...89 Role of Prodigiosin on the Acaricidal Activity of Entomopathogen Serratia marcescens Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, Murat ÖZDAL, Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, Mehmet Nuri AYDOĞAN……..…90 Functional analysis of Chilo Iridescent Virus zinc-binding matrix metalloproteinase genes Aydın YEġĠLYURT, Hacer MURATOĞLU, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU……….……91 Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against (Operopthera brumata & Erannis defoliaria) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Field Conditions Manana LORTKIPANIDZE, Oleg GORGADZE, Medea BURJANADZE, Madona KUCHAVA, Mzia KOKHIA, Nana GRATIASHVILIA, Nino GABROSHVILI……………………………………………...…92 Study of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Susceptibility to Coccidaes Mariam CHUBINISHVILI, Rusudan SKHIRTLADZE, Irina RIJAMADZE………………………..………93 Determination of the efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal Using in Microbial and Organic control on Pristiphora abietina (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, YaĢar AKSU, Berna ÇELĠK GÖKTÜRK, Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLU…………………………………………………………………………...……...94 A Study on Bacterial Flora of Spruce Spider Mite Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) (Acari: Tetranychidae) Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, YaĢar AKSU……………………………………………………………95 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 15 Pathogenicity on The Pest of Bacteria Isolated from Pristiphora abietina (Christ) (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, AyĢegül SARAL, YaĢar AKSU……………….……96 Assessment of Beauveria bassiana Strains Isolated From Various Insects to Control Dendroctonus micans (Kugel.) Larvae Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, Engin KILIÇ, YaĢar AKSU………………….……..97 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 16 ORAL PRESENTATIONS 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 17 S-01 Functional analysis of AMEV serine/threonin protein kinase gene and its role in host specificity Hacer MURATOĞLUa, Duygu BEKİRCANb, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLUb, Srini PERERAc, Basil M. ARIFc, Zihni DEMİRBAĞb a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey b Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey zihni@ktu.edu.tr c Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada Abstract Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) is an insect virus with a potential as an important biotechnological tool. AMEV contains a non-structural serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase gene (ORF AMV197), which is a homologue of poxvirus B1 protein kinase and is important for viral DNA replication, gene expression and intermediate gene transcription. Therefore, it is believed to play key role in viral replication. In the current study, protein kinase gene (pk), AMV197 has been deleted from AMEV genome by homologous recombination. DNA replication, protein synthesis, production of infectious progeny virus and transcription of viral genes of parental virus were compared to AMV197-null recombinant virus (AmΔPK/gfp) in cell culture. In AmΔPK/gfp infected Ld652 cells, DNA replication started 6 hour earlier than in cells infected with the parental virus. End Point Dilution Assays indicated that AMV197 deletion caused four fold decreases in the production of progeny virus in cell culture. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that deletion of AMV197 does not appear to cause discernible changes in viral protein profile. Microarray analysis of viral gene expression revealed significant differences between viral gene expression in AMEV and AmΔPK/gfp infected cells. Taken collectively, the data indicate that the protein encoded by AMV197 may have significant effects on the assembly and/or infectivity progeny virus and AMEV‟s host specificity. However, further investigations are needed to verify the exact role of this gene and effect on host specificity. Key words: AmΔPK/gfp, Amsacta moorei Entomopoxvirus (AMEV), protein kinase, virus replication, RNA microarray, host specificity, gene regulation. Acknowledgement: This study has been funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No: 110T887) and Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Fund (Project No: 8646). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 18 S-02 Use of Insect Microflora in Biotechnological Studies Ömer Faruk ALGUR Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Erzurum ofalgur@yahoo.com Abstract Due to their diversity and widespread distribution, insects are inevitably associated with an extremetily large variety of microscobic life forms including viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Especially, insect gut is a reservoir of complex microbial communities. For this reason, investigations on using of microbial flora of insect body for biotechnologial applications are gradually increasing. This study gives an overview of diversity and biotechnological potentials of enzymes of microflora of insect. In addition, the biotechnological applications such as biodegradation of harmful materials and production of fuel and bioactive materials, were also presented and discussed under the light of literature. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 19 S-03 Biological Control of Pest Insects in Germany - Presence and Future Johannes A. JEHLE Institute for Biological Control, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn Insitute (JKI), Heinrichstr. 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany johannes.jehle@jki.bund.de Abstract The use of biological control methods offers a plentitude of approaches for a highly selective and environmentally sound control of insect pests. These include the application of (i) beneficial arthropods (predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic nematodes), (ii) entomopathogenic micro-organisms (including fungi, bacteria and viruses), and (iii) natural substances and botanicals for pest control. Biological control methods are highly specific and are considered to be not harmful to human and animal health they are of great importance for Integrated Pest Management Strategies (IPM). There are many examples (predatory mites, Trichogramma, B. thuringiensis, Baculoviruses, Mating disruption), where biological control strategies demonstrated a superior efficacy in greenhouse and field crops. Although there was a considerable increase of biological control in many crops during the last decade, the area-wide application of biological control measures is still hampered by a number of factors. These include the lack of availability of biological control products on the market, the concerns of growers about reliability and costs, and the lack of compatibility with chemical pesticides in some cases. During the last two years a survey on the current use of biological control measures was performed in Germany. The results will be presented together an estimation of their future potential. Key words: Biological control, insect pathogens, EU legislation 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 20 S-04 Codling moth control by Cydia pomonella granulovirus in organic apple orchards: lessons from the differences Mohammadreza REZAPANAH Center of Excellence for Organic Agriculture, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box: 19395-1454, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran rezapana@yahoo.com Abstract The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with 1-4 generations in different regions causes less than 5% till full damages in apple orchards. High pressure of codling moth poplation expresses extreme potential of its control measures and even their combinations. While the LC50 of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) preparations in laboratory bioassays have been estimated around 1000 GV/g, 50 GV/μl and 20 GV/mm2 after about 6 days; and, it is usually recommended to covering the apple orchards by around 1013 GV/ha or 1000 (300-3000) GV/mm2. But, the evaluated control potential of CpGV in regions with 3 or 4 generations of this serious pest are varied and discussable. Of course, organic apple orchards with 1 or 2 generations, not only have hopefully passed past decade by further developing of CpGV preparations via cooperation, but also cured the problems of low susceptibility to the CpGV via the lessons from the minor differences of CpGV isolates. Key words: Codling moth, Cydia pomonella granulovirus, CpGV, organic, apple 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 21 S-05 Biological effects of novel commercial formulations developed for mosquito control Fikrettin ŞAHİNa, M. Muge YAZICIa, Huseyin ÇETİNb, Yusuf KAYAa a Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, 34755 Kayisdagi-Istanbul, Turkey fsahin@yeditepe.edu.tr b Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 07058 Antalya, Turkey Abstract Mosquitoes are vectors of many parasite and virus-borne diseases for mammalian systems. Therefore, control of mosquitoes is very important. Usually synthetic chemical products are being used against mosquitoes. These chemicals are costly, have short-term effective and cause environmental pollutions. Extensive use of these chemicals creates so many human and environmental health problems. Therefore, the best method for management of mosquitoes is known to be biological control. The most commonly utilized agents for biological control of mosquitoes are Bacillus species. In the present study, three strain (MBI 5, 6, 7) of Bacillus sphaericus have been isolated and identified as potential larvacide against mosquito species in the genera of Culex spp. and Anopheles spp. Then, three commercial products (granule, wettable powder and liquid formulations) have been developed and tested for their bioactivities in laboratory and field conditions in the vicinity of Istanbul municipality and Mediterranean region. The commercial products found to be successful in laboratory and field studies for their potential performance on different populations of mosquito species in various environmental conditions. Key words: Bacillus sphaericus, Anopheles, Culex, biological control, formulation 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 22 S-06 New insights into the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A insecticidal proteins Juan FERRÉ, Maissa CHAKROUN, Yolanda BEL, Núria BANYULS, Baltasar ESCRICHE University of Valencia, Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Valencia (SPAIN) juan.ferre@uv.es Abstract Vip3 toxins are Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins which are secreted to the medium during the vegetative growth and, for this reason they do not contribute to the insecticidal activity of bioinsectices prepared from Bt spore/crystal mixtures. Nevertheless, some of the Vip3 proteins are highly active against Lepidoptera and show a relatively broad insecticidal spectrum. Because Vip3 proteins share no homology with the Bt crystal (Cry) proteins and because they have different modes of action, Vip3A proteins have been combined with Cry1 proteins in transgenic crops (Bt crops). The mode of action of Vip3 proteins is not well understood. It is known that there are some insect species susceptible to Cry1 proteins which are practically completely tolerant to Vip3 proteins and vice versa. Although Vip3 proteins and Cry1 proteins share general features in their modes of action, they differ notably when the different steps are studied in detail. For example, we have found that, contrarily to the Cry1 proteins, Vip3 proteins do not have a protease-resistant core, or at least not so resistant as in the case of Cry1 proteins. This implies that the activation step within the insect‟s midgut is more critical in the case of Vip3 proteins because there is a dynamic equilibrium between protoxin activation and toxin degradation. A second differential feature between Cry1 and Vip3 proteins is that they bind to different membrane binding sites. This has been shown with different insect species using either labeled Cry1 proteins or labeled Vip3 proteins, and performing competition studies with unlabeled heterologous competitors. This feature means that, for resistant management purposes, it is a good strategy to combine cry1 and vip3 genes in the same plant because mutations in insect populations conferring resistance to one toxin (due to alteration of its receptors) would not confer cross-resistance to the other toxin. Key words: Spodoptera frugiperda, vegetative insecticidal proteins, binding to midgut receptors Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the Spanish Ministries of Science and Innovation (grant ref. AGL2009-13340-C02-01) and of Economy and Competivity (grant ref. AGL2012-39946-C02-01), by grants ACOMP/2009/313 and PROMETEO 2011/044 from the Generalitat Valenciana, and by European FEDER funds. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 23 S-07 Entomopathogenic nematodes: evaluation of different application methods and their persistence in the soil in the presence of a natural enemy Selçuk HAZIR & Karthik R. RAMALINGAM Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Aydin-TURKEY. selcuk.hazir@gmail.com Abstract Various application methods for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were tested in pots containing 1 kg autoclaved, air-dried loamy soil (48% sand, 10% clay, 42% loam) and a three-week-old corn plant. Each pot was watered regularly as needed and prior to treatment, 100 ml of distilled water was added to maintain adequate soil moisture. Four last instar wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae kept individually in a wire mesh were buried in each pot at 5 cm depth. Infective juveniles (IJs) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora at the rate of 25 IJs/cm2 were applied to the soil surface using a plastic hand sprayer or a drip irrigation system or injecting them at 2 cm below the soil surface with a syringe. In addition, a 10day-old insect cadaver containing IJs were buried in the soil at 5 cm depth. The control group had no nematodes. The experiments were conducted at room temperature (23-24oC). Each treatment group had 10 pots and the experiments were repeated 3 times. Galleria larval mortality was checked 7 days after treatment. All nematode treatment groups had more than 95% insect mortality and no significant differences were observed among the treatment groups. However, significant differences were observed between the treatment groups and the control. The same experimental setup was conducted with a natural enemy of EPNs, Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae). One hundred female mites were added to the soil surface of each pot one day before treatment with IJs. The control pots had no mites but IJs were added to the soil. With the exception of the 6-day-old insect cadaver with IJ treatment, all other treatment groups with mites and the control group showed more than 87.5% insect mortality and no significant differences were observed among them. With the 6-day-old insect cadaver containing IJ and mite treatment, Galleria mortality was significantly lower at 41.3%. Thus, our results indicated that the different application methods had no significant effect on the larval mortality but the mites had a negative effect on infected cadavers when they were used 6 days old or lesser. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 24 S-08 Ecological and behavioral theory lay the groundwork for successful biological control with entomopathogenic nematodes Edwin E. LEWIS Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis eelewis@ucdavis.edu Abstract Since the early 1990‟s, predictability has been seen as a major challenge to the success of entomopathogenic nematodes‟ (EPN) use in agriculture. From a practical sense, for biological control to be effective, the biological control agent must be in the same place at the same time as the target of the control effort. Also, EPNs serve as an ideal model system in which to study population structural dynamics on a theoretical level. We know little of what drives EPN population distribution and persistence. The work on EPN spatial and temporal distribution, both natural populations and those that have been applied for biological control, bring to the forefront this challenge. Two simple questions exemplify some of the most important aspects of how ecology and behavior relate to biological control: (1) Why can EPNs be isolated from one location, but if you walk 5 meters in any direction, there are no EPNs? (2) Why can EPNs be isolated from one location today, but next week, they will no longer be there? The questions are simple, but the answers are extremely complicated. Wild EPN populations are patchy in space and erratic in time. Most studies of EPN persistence after they are applied as biological control agents show these populations to closely resemble natural populations almost immediately after application. I will focus on biotic and abiotic drivers that reinforce the patchy nature of EPN populations. Abiotic drivers include aspects of soil, such as particle size, salinity, moisture content, organic matter content and origin. These characteristics of soil vary on a scale that is small enough to be complimentary to EPN distribution. Biotic drivers are more complicated. The presence of potential hosts and their relative attractiveness contribute to EPN distribution. The behavior of EPNs toward hosts varies significantly with host quality and with EPN age. Layered upon these positive feedbacks are several negative influences on EPN populations which include the presence of natural enemies and competing species of EPNs. Theoretical and practical approaches to understanding EPN ecology work together. Without theoretical underpinnings, studies that simply follow EPN persistence over time lack strong hypotheses that would make them applicable outside of our small community. Theoretical studies that ignore the importance of the role of EPNs in agriculture may have limited impact on their role as biological control agents. One of my objectives throughout my career in general, and with this presentation in particular, is to bridge the gap between the theoretical and the practical. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 25 S-09 Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Key Pests in Israel Itamar GLAZER Department of Entomology, Nematology Div., Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. glazerit@agri.gov.il Abstract The use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) against important pest in Israel has been evaluated, in past three years, in field trails. The presentation describes the results of using EPN for control of Maladera matrida Argaman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in peanuts and the buprestid beetle Capnodis tenebrionis L. in stone fruit orchards. White grubs of M. matrida are major soil pests of agriculture crops causing substantial damage to ornamentals, peanuts and sweet potatoes. Three trials were conducted in peanut fields during the growing season (April to October) of 2009-2011 in the north- western “Negev” region of Israel. We evaluate the efficacy and persistence of commercial EPN products by Koppert Co., Holland. The nematodes were applied using different application methods: Spray, irrigation and soil injection. The presence of nematodes in the soil was evaluated using „Galleria traps‟. The affect of the various treatments on yield and damage to the peanuts were determined at harvest time. Application of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, resulted in 90% reduction in damage to the peanuts with no affect on the yield. Larvae of C. tenebrionis invade and cause damage to the roots. Trees can rapidly kill by this distractive pest. The objective of the current study was to test the efficacy of the EPN to control of C. tenebrionis larvae inside and outside the tree root system. The experiments were conducted during 2011-2013 in a commercial plantation covered with insect proof netting that will be deliberately infested by fertile adult beetles. Nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora) were applied at rates of 3*106 or 1*106 infective juveniles per tree in drench around the trunk of trees. Throughout the study, nematodes survival in the soil was estimated using nematode traps in soil samples collected around the trunk. The initial results indicate substantial reduction of insect infection by 70-80%. In all trails, nematodes appeared to be active during the entire growing season. Towards the end of the season, nematode activity was also detected in the un-treated control plots. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 26 S-10 Enhancing the efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi Tariq M. BUTT Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK t.butt@swansea.ac.uk Abstract The demand for biological control agents (BCAs) especially entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) is expected to increase due to the withdrawal of many chemical pesticides, new EU legislation (e.g. Directive 128/2009EC) which encourages use of BCAs, and consumers wanting pesticide free food. A major criticism of EPF in the past has been that they are costly and give inconsistent results. Considerable progress has been made in improving production and efficacy. This presentation focuses on strategies being developed to enhance the efficacy of EPF under field conditions. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 27 S-11 The three major taxonomic groups of insect pathogenic fungi: phylogeny, life cycle with insects and co-evolution Jørgen EILENBERG Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK 1871 Frederiksberg C., DENMARK jei@life.ku.dk Abstract The three major taxonomic groups of insect pathogenic fungi are: Entomophthoramycota (genera Entomophthora, Pandora, Zoophthora and others) Ascomycota, order Hypocreales (genera Cordyceps sensu lato and their asexual forms (Metarhizium, Beauveria), but also other genera) Ascomycota, order Onygenales (genus Ascosphaera) My presentation will provide an outline of some major characters for these groups. These three groups have their own evolutionary history and have by that developed different traits with respect to specificity (specialists versus generalists), infection biology and life cycle. While fungi from Entomophthoramycota and Hypocreales infect through host cuticle, fungi from Onygenales infect their bee host by oral uptake and germination in the gut. An interesting example of convergent evolution is that the sexual stage from Hypocreales and the asexual stage from Entomophthoramycota share a trait, namely active spore release. In contrast, asexual spores from insect pathogenic Hypocreales and resting spores from Entomophthoramycota are both passively released. Concerning interactions with social insects, there are examples from all three groups of fungi. These interactions can provide us with new insight into social immunity. Both fundamental questions about insect pathogenic fungi and prospects for their application will be discussed. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 28 S-12 Comparative proteomics of HearNPV budded and occlusion-derived virus Zhihong HU State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China huzh@wh.iov.cn Abstract The replication of lepidopteran baculoviruses is characterized by the production of two progeny phenotypes: the occlusion derived virus (ODV) establishes infection in midgut cells and the budded virus (BV) disseminates infection to different tissues within the susceptible host. To understand the structural, and hence functional differences between BV and ODV we employed multiple proteomic methods to reveal protein composition and post-translational modifications of the two phenotypes of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus. In addition, Western blots and quantitative mass spectrometry were used to identify localization of proteins in the envelope or nucleocapsid fractions. Comparative protein portfolios of BV and ODV showing the distribution of 54 proteins, encompassing 21 shared by BV and ODV, 12 BV-specific and 21 ODV-specific proteins were obtained. Among the 11 ODV-specific envelope proteins, 8 are either essential for or contribute to oral infection. Twenty three phosphorylated and 6 N-glycosylated viral proteins were also identified. While the proteins shared by the two phenotypes appear to be important for nucleocapsid assembly and trafficking, the structural and functional differences between the two phenotypes are evidently characterized by the envelope proteins and post-translational modifications. This comparative proteomics study provides new insight into how BV and ODV are formed and why they function differently. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 29 S-13 Pathogens and nematodes of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Georgia coniferous forest Medea BURJANADZE Agricultural University of Georgi, Vasil Gulisashvili Forest Institute, Tbilisi, Georgia m.burjanadze@agruni.edu.ge Abstract Georgia is distinguished with its biodiversity, with endemic and relict species of plants in Caucasus. Picea orientalis, Pinus sosnovskiy, Pinus Eldarica , are widespread and presence in Georgian coniferous forest. Principal species bark beetles: Spruce bark beetle - Ips typographus L, Great spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann), Six-toothed bark beetle - Ips sexdentatus (Börner), Pine shoot beetleTomicus piniperda L. are causing tree mortality throughout the coniferos forest. 50-70-ies of the last century had emerged in forests of Borjomi gorge extremely harmful insect pest D.micans, caused drying of millions of spruce trees. From 2000, I. typographus became in a major outbreak in last decide. Human activity, changing climate, changing physiological conditions of host plants, influence on insect activity, increase it responsibility and risk for new colonization, not only in Georgia, but in Caucasian and Bleak sea region. During 2001-2012, our research was focusing for the control bark beetles with using a mechanical methods and pheromone traps. Also we are investigated natural enemies: predators and pathogens(microorganisms and parasitic nematodes) which are responsible to make balance density of bark species. Various pathogen species and nematodes are observed in the population of bark beetles. Gregarina typographi,were revealed in I. typographus (41.1-49.5%.) and I. sexdentatus (17.3%). Chytridiopsis typographi was found in I. typographus and T.piniperda (9.1% -15%) and I. sexdentatus, (4.1%). Fungus Beauveria bassiana (1.5%) were found in I.typographus. Nematodes (40.7-71.4%) Contortylenchus diplogaster. were observed in I. typographus. Contortylenchus sp. was found in I.sexdentatus, 26.1% nematodes was associate with D.micans. Key words: bark beetles, pathogens, nematodes, biological control Acknowledgements This study was supported by the GNSF Project #122 (2007-2009); #514(2009-2012); Geo.Ac.Sci. (2001-2005); USDA FS (SRS 06-IC- 11330129-035, 2006-2007). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 30 S-14 Use of Entomopathogens in The Biological Control of Ticks Şaban TEKİNa, Adem KESKINb a Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Tokat sabant@yahoo.com b Gaziosmanpasa Üniversitesi, University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Biology, Tokat Abstract Ticks are mandatory blood-feeding ectoparasites living in different regions of the world. They play important role in the life chain of the zoonotic pathogens. Since they transmit zoonotic pathogens causing serious diseases in humans and animals, they have a negative influence on the humans and animal life and cause serious economical losses in agriculture. Therefore, tick populations should be controlled by effective biocontrol methods to prevent tick-borne diseases. Use of chemical acarisides is the most common method to control tick populations. To date biological control methods have not been used for the control of ticks in Turkey. Previous studies showed that bacteria species like Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus, fungus species, such as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and some nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis can be used for the biological control of ticks. The studies with entomopathogenic fungi showed that M. anisopliae (BIPESCO strain) and B. bassiana killed %64-76 and %36-96 of the ticks respectively. Application of these fungi on ticks in combination increased the killing rates to 99%. Entomopathogenic Steinernematid nematodes, S. carpocapsae (DT and Mexica strain), and S. riobrave (TX and HP88 strain), and heterorhabditid nematodes, H. bacteriophora (HP88 strain) and H. indicus (IS-5 strain) are widely used for tick control studies. The studies with S. carpocapsae showed that it is 100% effective on the ticks. The results of the previous studies clearly indicate the usefulness of the entomopathogens for tick control. As a result, future tick control studies involving laboratory and field experiments will contribute to the effectiveness of entomopathogens, control of ticks and tick-borne diseases, and development of novel tick control strategies involving entomopathogens in Turkey. Key words: Ticks, biological control, entomopathogens, bacteria, fungi, nematodes. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 31 S-15 Viral biocontrol agents, past, present and future: A Canadian perspective Basil M. ARIF Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada barif@nrcan.gc.c Abstract Operational use of viral control agents started in the 1940s when the European Spruce Sawfly, Gilpinia hercyniae, materialized as a major forest insect pest. The insect was imported to Canada in 1922 and became established on spruce trees. Infested areas were treated with a nucleopolyhedrovirus that caused a collapse of the infestation within two year. To date, emergence of this pest is quickly followed by collapse due to the virus that was employed almost six decades ago. Such a spectacular success was followed by equally spectacular failures. The gregarious nature of the insect appears to mediate the spread of the virus within a population while solitary insects, such as the Eastern Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, pose an entirely different challenge. Soon it became evident that management of infestations is dependent on the virus, the habitat of the pest and application technology. Major efforts were expended to study the relationship between viruses and specific insect hosts since this relationship has evolved over millions of years. At the same time, developments in application technology have advanced significantly to assure proper targeting and to address serious environmental concerns and issues. Indeed, application technology appeared to have enhanced the efficacy of viruses in pest management. To date, a number of viruses have been tested for efficacy and safety to non-target organisms such as avian, mammalian, fish and insects and have been registered for wide-scale operational use against defoliating lepidopteran and hymenopteran insects. However, with enhanced global trade, new introduced pests have emerged to which there are no effective biolcontrol agents. Such invasive species present serious problems to countries world-wide and diligent searches for effective parasites against such pests should be of a high priority in order to preserve the environment as much as possible. Perhaps metagenomics offer an avenue to search for potentially successful control agents. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 32 S-16 The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal on larvaes of Hypantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) damaging on leafed trees Temel GÖKTÜRKa, Ömer Naci KAYAb, Yaşar AKSUb Artvin Coruh University, Forest Faculty, Artvin, Turkey temel.gokturk@gmail.com b Artvin Regional Forestry Management, Artvin, Turkey Abstract The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera:Arctiidae) causes damage to more than 200 species of deciduous trees in Georgia-Batumi. H.cunea is an insect pest of road-side and garden and parks trees in Adjara (Kobuleti, Urekhi Ozurgeti, Khelvachkhauri regions) where in summer during resort season, nearly all plants are destroyed by American White Butterfly. The fall webworm It feeds on almost all fruit, shade, and ornamental trees except conifers, commonly attacking hickory, walnut, birch, cherry, grape, apple, prunus and crabapple. Fall webworms are known for the large, unsightly webs they produce. Heavy infestations are rarely fatal, but if they occur repeatedly over several years they can stress trees and make them more susceptible to drought, disease or other insect pests. Various control methods have been deployed against the pest H.cunea such as Mechanical (removal of nets), biological (encourage predators and parasities; apply Btk) and chemical (Standard and systematic insecticides) control. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) and Neemazal on the larvae of Hyphantria cunea Drury, (Lepidoptera:Arctiidae) in 2012. Firstly, fourth-fifth star larvae of fall webworm in second generation is collected from forest and agricultural areas in Artvin, Arhavi. We put 15 larvae and fresh alder leaves in each test container. Alder leaves before is sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki formulation Bio-T Plus® (consisting of 16,000 IU mg spores, we put in 1 cc for 1 liter), later dried. These leaves are put test container on 08.26.2012. Test containers were checked 3 times on 30.08.2012 and 07-14.09.2012. Fifty-four larvae and two pupa died the total number of 75 larval in test containers. Four pupa has got parasitoids which are Chouioia cunea (Yang). Fifteen pupa was butterfly. It was also estimated that the pesticide was effective on the 4th and 5th larvae stages of the second generation with 74.6 %. Another experiment was use Neemezall (1 cc for 1 liter). Fortyseven larvae and five pupa died the total number of 75 larva in test containers. Seven pupa has got parasitoids which are Chouioia cunea (Yang). Sixteen pupa was butterfly. It was also estimated that the Neemazal was effective on the 4th and 5th larvae stages of the second generation with 69.3 %. The present study showed that Btk and Neemazal have got possitife effect for control of H.cunea. Key words: Hyphantria cunea; Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki; Neemazal 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 33 S-17 Entomopathogenic fungi: A promising biological control agent against bark beetles İsmail DEMİRa, Seda KOCAÇEVİKa, Ali SEVİMb, Mahmut EROĞLUc, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey. idemir@ktu.edu.tr b Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Kırşehir, Turkey. c Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey. Abstract Bark beetles are serious pests of the coniferous forests and cause economic losses all over the world. In order to protect forests, finding a new and innovative environmental friendly approach against bark beetles is very important. Control strategies which have been applied so far are still insufficient to prevent their damages. The use of entomopathogenic fungi against bark beetles are an attractive alternative tools for many biological control programs in forestry. In this study, in order to determine an effective fungal agent against bark beetles, 12 fungal samples were isolated from Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) which is one of the most serious destructive pest of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.) in Turkey. After morphological and molecular characterizations, these isolates were identified as Lecanicillium muscarium (2), Isaria farinose (6), Fusarium sp. (2), Beauveria pseudobassiana and Beauveria sp. Based on screening studies, B. pseudobassiana strain had the highest mortality with 90% and 93% within 10 days towards the larvae and adults of D. micans, respectively. Dose-response and wood block (from spruce, 15 x 25 cm) experiments, B. pseudobassiana is an important candidate against D. micans. Our further experiments showed it can also be used against other two most important bark beetles (Ips sexdentatus and Ips typographus). Findings from all results indicate that Beauveria pseudobassiana seems to be a very effective agent against bark beetles, this strain can spread horizontally among populations of pests, and it is a promising biological control agent that can be used against bark beetles. Key words: Dendroctonus micans, Bark beetles, Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria pseudobassiana, Microbial control Acknowledgements: This study was supported by TUBĠTAK, (Project Number: 110O165). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 34 S-18 Potential of slow-killing insect viruses to control leaf-rollers in tea fields Madoka NAKAI Institute of Agriculture, Division of Bioregulation and Biointeraction, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan 183-8509 madoka@cc.tuat.ac.jp Abstract Tea is an important cash crop in Japan. The morphological features of tea, as a perennial and evergreen plant showing dense leaves on its canopy, provide a habitat for various insects including pests and their natural enemies. Excessive application of chemical pesticides has caused resistance to develop in insect pests, and the combination of pesticide resistance and the persistence of pesticide residues on the harvested tea leaves has stimulated the development of microbial control strategies for these pests. Tea leaf-rollers (Adoxophyes honmai and Homona magnanima; Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) are important pests of tea plants. An agent based on granuloviruses (GVs) to control those leaf-rollers in tea fields was registered in Japan. The GVs are well adapted to control leaf-rollers in tea systems, and are also advantageous for virus production using living insects. A notable feature of this host-pathogen system is that a single virus application was able to suppress the leaf-rollers throughout a whole year, during which four generations of the pest species normally occur in Japan. This was because the virus kills the host slowly, allowing active progeny virus to transmit itself to young insects in the next host generation. A natural field survey of A. honmai populations in Japan revealed that an entomopoxvirus was highly prevalent, followed by A. honmai NPV. These viruses also kill the host more slowly than typical NPVs as fast-killing viruses. Thus, slow-killing viruses may have adapted to leafroller pests of evergreen and perennial tea plants. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 35 S-19 A Study on the Production, Purification and Acaricidal Activity of a Red Pigment from Beauveria bassiana isolate Paf04 Serkan ORTUCUa, Murat OZDALb, Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERc, Omer Faruk ALGURb a Erzurum Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey serkanortucu@gmail.com b Atatürk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Erzurum,Turkey c Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Artvin,Turkey Abstract The objective of this study, acaricidal activity of the red pigment produced by Beauveria bassiana was assessed. As a test organisms, two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae) was reared on bean plants, and B. bassiana isolate PaF04 was isolated from P. abietina larvae in the previous study. Pigment production is carried out in liquid culture. At the end of logarithmic phase, agitation was stopped and cultivation continued for additional 2 days in order to maximize pigment extraction. Then, fermentation broth was centrifuged and filtered through a filter paper in order to remove mycelium and cell debris. Acetic acid was added to the spent broth to bring the pH down to 2.0. Then, the red pigment was extracted from the broth using ethyl acetate at a ratio of 1:2 (v/v). The extract was evaporated using a rotary vacuum evaporator to dryness. After the pigment solution was prepared in methanol. Three different preparations, each supplied with 0.02% Tween 80, were tested. They were: 1x106 conidia/ml spore suspension alone, the same spore concentration plus 0,1-5 mg red pigment/leaf disc and the pigment solution alone. Distilled water containing 0.02% Tween 80 and methanol was used as control. As a result, when applied alone to T. urticae, mortality percentages of 73.21% was recorded on the third day after the application and at the 0.1 mg/leaf disc concentration. For treated with B. bassiana spore suspension, mortality was 7.17%. The best results were obtained when red pigment was combined with fungal spores with the mortality percentage being increased to up to 100%. Mortality was found to increase in time and was dependent on the pigment concentration, this result might be explained by a possible synergistic action. Key words: Beauveria bassiana, red pigment, Tetranychus urticae, Biological control 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 36 S-20 The First Study on Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana to Control The Little Spruce Sawfly Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Turkey Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Serkan ORTUCUb, Ayşegül SARALa, Yaşar AKSUc a Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Artvin,Turkey nurcaniskender25@hotmail.com b Erzurum Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey c Artvin Regional Forestry Management, Artvin, Turkey Abstract In the last years, the little spruce sawfly Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) is producing outbreak on spruce out of Savsat Forests in Artvin and there are no biological methods to control over-populations. The P. abietina larvae were collected in Savsat Forests and B. bassiana isolates (PaF04, PaF09, PaF76) were isolated from P. abietina larvae in the previous study. Applications were performed by immersing the larvae in the conidial suspension (107 conidia/ml) for 30 s. Controls consisted of larvae immersed in distilled water plus Tween 80. P.abietina larvae were transferred to plastic containers and were incubated 100% and 65±5% relative humidity (RH) with a 12:12 h photoperiod at 26±2 oC. Mortality was recorded daily for a period of 5 days. Mortality caused by fungi was confirmed by microscopic examination of spores on the surface of the larvae. Cumulative percentage mortality data from experiments were corrected for natural mortality using Abbott‟s formula. The experiments showed that the mortality by B. bassiana generally increased with higher humidity conditions. 100% RH resulted 100% mortality for all fungal isolates. LT 50 and LT90 values varied between 1.85±0.30 and 4.47±0.66 days, respectively. But, in the 65±5% RH, fungal isolates tested were pathogenic to the P.abietina larvae causing mortality between 49.1±4.52% and 91.1±7.2%, and was significantly different between the isolates (p<0.05). This study demonstrates the prospects of B. bassiana for the management of P.abietina under laboratory conditions. Key words: Pristiphora abietina, Beauveria bassiana, Biological control, Entomopathogenic fungi Acknowledge: This study was supported by Artvin Coruh University research grant (BAP-2011.F15.02.18). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 37 S-21 Investigations on bacteria as a potential biological control agents on corn stalk borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Ardahan ESKİa, Mustafa GÜLLÜb, Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICIa, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa, İsmail DEMİRa a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey. ardahans@hotmail.com b Biological Control Research Station, Adana, Turkey. Abstract Corn stalk borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef., Lep.: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest common in Turkey and other Mediterranean countries. Its larvae cause a significant damage in stalk, stem and leaf of maize. In addition to maize, it is also effective on some plant such paddy, wheat and barley. Although various cultural, chemical and biological methods are being used to control this pest, its damage still continues effectively all over the world. Investigating the bacterial flora may give a better chance to find significant microbial control agent against this pest. Therefore, in this study, firstly we obtained 15 culturable bacterial isolates from pest collected in Çukurova, Adana. Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular properties, bacterial flora of S. nonagrioides was determined as Achromobacter insolitus (Sn1), Morganella morganii (Sn2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Sn3), Citrobacter freundii (Sn4), Arthrobacter mysorens (Sn5), Chryseobacterium indologenes (Sn6), Bacillus thuringiensis (Sn7), Bacillus pumilus (Sn8), Bacillus thuringiensis (Sn9), Bacillus thuringiensis (Sn10), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Sn11), Staphylococcus sciuri (Sn12), Enterobacter kobei (Sn13), Serratia marcescens (Sn14) and Microbacterium arborescens (Sn15). The insecticidal effects of 15 bacterial isolates from S. nonagrioides and 3 bacteria belonging to Bacillus genus from our culture collection were tested on the 3 rd instar larvae of this pest. Sn10 from bacterial flora members and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki isolates with code MnD (from Malacosama neustria) have the highest mortality with 93% against the pest within 10 days. In the dose-response experiments, increasing the concentration of bacteria gradually increased the larval mortality, and reached 100% with two-fold concentration with Sn10. Results indicates that Bacillus thuringiensis Sn10 is a very affective candidate to be utilized as biocontrol agent against S. nonagrioides. Key words: Sesamia nonagrioides, Bacillus thuringiensis, Microbial control Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Projects Division, (Project Number: 8761). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 38 S-22 First results on the susceptibility of two forest pest insects for a Georgian isolate of Isaria fumosorosea Manana KERESELIDZEa, Andreas LINDEb, Daniela PILARSKAc, Slavimira DRAGANOVAd a V. Gulisashvili Forest Institute of the Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia mananakereselidze@yahoo.com b University of Applied Sciences, Eberswalde, Germany c Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria d Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria Abstract Isaria fumosorosea is widely distributed throughout the world and has been isolated mainly from Lepidoptera. It is regarded as a species complex, and various strains are successfully used for the biological control of insects, mainly whiteflies. However there is still limited information about its host specificity and efficacy against forest pest insects. We studied the susceptibility of two important forest pest insects, Dendrolimus pini L. and Lymantria dispar L. for I. fumosorosea, isolated from Hyphantria cunea Drury in Georgia (ARSEF access no. 10244). Larvae of D. pini in the 4th to5th instar, collected in Brandenburg / Germany on Pinus sylvestris, and 3rd instar larvae of a laboratory strain (NJSS) of L. dispar were exposed to the fungus in a maximum-challenge laboratory experiment. A conidial suspension of 1.4*107 conidia/ml was used for D. pini and 1*108 conidia/ml for L. dispar. Mortality of larvae was checked daily, and efficacy corrected with mortality in the control treatment was calculated according to Schneider-Orelli's formula. Both species were susceptible for I. fumosorosea. The mycosis caused by the Georgian I. fumosorosea isolate showed 45% and 15.5 % corrected efficacy against larvae of D. pini and of L. dispar, respectively, at day 15 post treatment. This is the first study on mortality of these two species of forest defoliators caused by I. fumosorosea. Based on our results we suggest additional experiments, using different concentrations and modifications in the rearing conditions, to estimate the potential of this strain of I. fumosorosea for the use in biological control Key words: Isaria fumosorosea, Dendrolimus pini, Lymantria dispar, biological control. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the German Academic Exchange Service .(DAAD). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 39 S-23 Development of methods for the selection of strains of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., effective against of bark beetle (Ips sexdentatus Boern., Ips hauseri Reitter) Kuralay MAZARZHANOVAa, Anastasiya LUKINAb, Nurzhan MUKHAMADIYEVa, Nursagım AŞIKBAEVa a The Kazakh Research Institute for Plant Protection and Quarantine, the Department of Technical Culture and Forest Protection kmazarzhanova@mail.ru b The Kazakh Research Institute for Plant Protection and Quarantine, Biotechnology Laboratory Almaty, Kazakhstan Abstract The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments on evaluation biological effectiveness of strains of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana to larvae and adults of bark beetles. As a standard medium for the seed material used the agarized modified medium Saburo. After sowing test tubes with culture were placed in a thermostat (temperature 25 ° C) on 8-10 days before the appearance of intensive sporulation. Collection of conidia was conducted by washout of the substrate. The titer of spores of the obtained suspension was determined by the camera Gorjaev. Fungus also was cultured on bulk substrate – millet. The biomass of several strains (BCh-09, BAP3-10, BLS1-10) in the form of a dry powder containing blastospores has been tested. Laboratory assessment of the biological activity of the strains to bark beetles (Ips sexdentatus Boern., Ips hauseri Reitter) was carried out according to standard methods. The repeatability of the experiment fourfold. The titer of the suspension make up 5× 10 8 spores / ml, control - treatment with water. Insects after treatment were contained in mikrocade. On the 6 th day treatment by after a spore suspension the mortality beetle of the larvae rate was 75-80%, on the 8th day - 100%. On the 6th day of the experiment mortality beetle rate was 35-50%, and on the 12th day - 85%. Laboratory tests showed that assessment of virulence of strains of entomopathogenic fungi against bark beetles will by continued in the laboratory and natural conditions. Key words: Entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.)Vuill. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 40 S-24 Baculuvirus-insect peritrophic matrix interaction: Can we develop more effective baculoviruses using the knowledge on enhancin-insect intestinal mucins substrate specificity? Umut TOPRAKa, Dwayne D. HEGEDUSb, Martin A. ERLANDSONb, David THEILMANNc a Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection Dışkapı Ankara, Turkey b Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada c Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada utoprak@agri.ankara.edu.tr Abstract Many insects possess a non-cellular porous structure in their midgut, the Peritrophic matrix (PM), which is composed of chitin and proteins. PM serves as a mechanical and biochemical barrier to pathogens including baculoviruses and virions must cross the PM to infect midgut epithelial cells. Some baculoviruses including Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus (MacoNPV), encode metalloproteases, known as enhancins which was shown to degrade insect intestinal mucins (IIMs) in the PM. However, proteomic and genomic studies revealed 4 different types of IIMs; sinle (IIMs with 1-2 chitin binding and mucin domains), binary (IIMs with a single mucin domain flanked by chitin binding domains), complex (IIMs with multiple 6cysteine and 8-cysteine register chitin binding domains and mucin domains), repetitive (IIMs with duplicated chitin binding and mucins domains). We examined the interaction between MacoNPV-A enhancin and various types of M. configurata IIMs. Per os feeding of M. configurata larvae with MacoNPV occlusion bodies (OBs) revealed that the complex-type McIIM4 was degraded within 4 h post inoculation as was previously shown for another complex-type IIM, McIIM1. However, the binary-type McIIM2 was unaffacted. In order to confirm such spesific degradation, M. configurata PMs and OBs from MacoNPV, recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus expressing MacoNPV enhancin (AcMNPV-enh) and wild-type AcMNPV were incubated in an alkaline dissolution buffer in vitro separately. These assays revealed that, McIIM4 was again degraded but McIIM2 was not degraded in the presence of enhancin-coding viruses, MacoNPV and AcMNPV-enh. Degradation of McIIM4 was inhibited by the metalloprotease inhibitor EDTA, indicating that the degradation was due to a metalloprotease, enhancin in this case. Therefore, MacoNPV enhancin is capable of degrading complex-type IIMs (McIIM1 and McIIM4) but not binary-type IIMs (McIIM2). Such information as well as the unique characteristics of specific-type mucins could be used to generate more effective insect control strategies targeting mucins by enhancins. Key words: Baculovirus, Enhancin, Peritrophic Matrix, Mucin 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 41 S-25 Effects of Some Entomopathogen Fungi Against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelehiidae) Gürsel KARACAa, Burcu AÇILOĞLUa, Hatice ACARBULUTa ve İsmail KARACAa a Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Isparta gurselkaraca@sdu.edu.tr Abstract Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has recently been causing significant damage in the tomato cultivation areas of our country. In this study, efficiencies of entomopathogen fungi; Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and P. lilacinus against this pest were investigated by petri and pot trials. Tomato plants grown in a climatized room and 3 rd or 4th stage larvae of the pest were used in the trials. Conidial suspensions (2x108 conidia/ml) of the entomopathogens were applied by spraying, dipping and residue methods and 10 replicate plates with 5 larvae in each plate, were used for each application. Pot trials were performed with 5 replicates and entomopathogens were applied by three different methods; 1: entomopathogens were applied first and then pest was infested, 2: entomopathogens were applied on pest infested plants, 3: entomopathogens were applied after the larvae penetrated into the leaf epidermis. Efficiencies of the entomopathogens were evaluated by Abbott, data were subjected to the analyses of variance by SPSS program and means were compared by Tukey‟s test. As a result of petri trials, it was observed that larval death strated 24 hours after the application and at the end of 7th day almost all larvae died, both in three methods. In the pot trials, as a result of the observations made in the 15th day after applications, it was determined that the applications of entomopathogens made after the larvae penetrated into the epidermis were not effective. It was also determined that the first application was gained better results than the second and P. fumosoroseus was found to be the most effective entomopathogen in both methods. Key words: Tomato moth, Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, biological control Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology (Project Number: 00784.STZ.2011-1) and Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unite of Süleyman Demirel University (Project Numbers: 2951-YL-11 and 2942-YL-11). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 42 S-26 Determination Of Bioactive Entomopathogen Bacteria Scale-Up Strategies a Ahmet KATI, aAli Özhan AYTEKİN, a,bİkbal Agah İNCE, aFikrettin ŞAHİN a Yeditepe University, Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Istanbul akati_34@hotmail.com b Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Abstract For years, struggling the agriculture, forestry and agriculture in many forms damaging insects and Mosquitoes which causes spread of infectious diseases that threaten human health, is used chemical insecticides that bringing the development of resistance in insects, their irreversible damage to the environment, non-target organisms and the environment that may cause damage due to toxic residues which all of them are directed alternative pest control methods. In the begining of these methods, the most common using is through the entomopathogenic microorganisms. Nowadays, the most of these microorganisms are known and commercially available on the market are Bacillus thurigiensis and B. sphaericus types. This study was done about having bioactive properties B. spahericus which is isolated from mosquitoes, try to produce at lab-scale and determine the scale-up strategy. Because of the scale-up process affects the characteristics of microorganisms that the large scale production is an engineering problem. In this study, the transferred into the liquid power was kept constant, during the scale-up was carried out from erlen-mayer to bioreactor (4L), cell dry weight, total protein amount and toxin amount was followed and in erlen-mayer experiment was reached 7.1 g/L CDW, according to these results, the scale-up process was realized production effiency 90% under proper air level and stirring speed. B. spaehericus scale-up process with transferred into the liquid power was succesfully completed. Key words: Entomopathogen bacterium, Media optimization, mass production. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 43 S-27 Evaluation of aqueous suspension and infected cadaver application of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against root-knot nematodes (Tylenchida: Meloidoginidae) a Ilker KEPENEKCI, aEmre EVLICE, bSelçuk HAZIR and cAdnan TÜLEK a Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute kepenekci@gmail.com b Adnan Menderes University, Department Of Biology, Aydın c Directorate of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, 22100 Edirne Abstract One of the major pests of the vegetables is root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (RKNs) which cause loss of production by bringing knots in the roots. Herein, the effects of infective juveniles (IJs) in aqueous suspension of Steinernema feltiae, S. glaseri, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora species and infected Galleria mellonella larvae by S. feltiae IJs (infected cadaver) against the RKNs (Meloidogyne incognita strain 2 and M. arenaria strain 2) were evaluated. Experimental units consisted of plastic pots (7×7×7 cm) containing sterilized loamy sand and one tomato seedling (SC-2121 variety). According to treatment, 3000 eggs were applied to the root of tomato plants cultivated in greenhouse. The EPNs were applied (25 or 125 IJ/cm2) (1225±25 or 6125±25 IJ/pot) at the same time with RKNs to the pots. Two different application methods were followed in cadaver treatment. One 6-day-infected G. mellonella larva was buried (A) 1 cm below the soil surface and approximately 2 cm far from seedling's stem or (B) infected cadaver was placed under the plant root. A 10 ml suspension containing 3000 RKNs eggs was then poured onto the soil surface. The control pots received only water containing 3000 RKNs eggs. The experiments contained five replicates (pots) for each treatment. The data (1) total number of egg masses for each plant, (2) plant height, (3) fresh and dry weight of the upper parts of plants and (4) fresh and dry root weight were recorded. The results showed that both aqueous suspension and infected cadaver applications of EPNs suppressed significantly the effect of root-knot nematodes. Particularly, 125 IJs/cm2 concentration of S. feltiae and infected cadavers buried under the plant roots were more effective than the other applications. Key words: Root-knot nematode, entomopathogenic nematode, Galleria mellonella, biological control, tomato Acknowledgement: This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project No: 111O784). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 44 S-28 Potential of two entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, as biological control agents against the June beetle, Polyphylla fullo (L.) Özgür ATEŞa, Burcu AÇILOĞLUa and Fedai ERLERb a Bioglobal Inc., Konyaalti St. 07100 Antalya, Turkey. erler@akdeniz.edu.tr b Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection 07070 Antalya, Turkey. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana strain PPRI 5339(BroadBand® EC) and Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 (Met52®, both EC and GR formulations) as biological control agents against the June beetle, Polyphylla fullo. Larvicidal bioassays were performed in foam boxes (100 x 75 x 50 cm; L x W x H), containing moist soil medium with some humus and potato tubers as food. While the B. bassiana product (min. 4 x 109 conidia/ml) was applied at 100, 150 and 200 ml/100 L water, M. anisopliae strain F52 was applied at 500, 1000 and 1500 g/m3 of moist soil medium for granular (GR, 9 x 10 8cfu/g) and 75, 100 and 125 ml/100 L water for emulsifiable concentrate (EC, 5.5 x 109 conidia/ml) formulations. Both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were pathogenic to larvae of P. fullo, however young larvae (1st and 2nd instars) were more susceptible to infection than older ones (3 rd instar). Mortality rates of young and older larvae varied with conidial concentration of both fungi and elapsed time after application. The B. bassiana product was the most effective, causing mortalities up to 79.8 and 71.6% in young and older larvae, respectively. The highest mortality rates of young and older larvae caused by M. anisopliae were 74.1 and 67.6% for GR formulation, 70.2 and 61.8% for EC formulation, respectively. These results may suggest that both fungi have potential to be used for management of P. fullo. Key words: Entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; June beetle; Polyphylla fullo; White grubs 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 45 POSTER PRESENTATIONS 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 46 P-01 Development of a New Bio-Insecticide For Controlling The Lepidopteran Pests Kazım SEZEN*, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, İsmail DEMİR, Hüseyin TEPE, İslam YILDIZ and Zihni DEMİRBAĞ Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey, * sezen@ktu.edu.tr Abstract Turkey used to be a self-sufficient country in terms of agricultural products but today is importing agricultural products from many other countries. One of the most important reasons for this is to not be reliant on the effective control of pests of economically important plants. The insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera are one of the most harmful insect groups in our country. Members of this group cause serious damages in the agricultural and forested areas and warehouses. So far, efforts to control lepidopteran pests have mainly involved the use of chemical insecticides, particularly insect growth inhibitors. However, these agents can have undesirable side-effects on humans, plant and other animal species, particularly predators and parasites of lepidopteran pests. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative and environmentally friendly control methods. In this study, we proposed to develop a biological preparation (bio-insecticide) against lepidopteran pests using an insecticidal isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (BnBt). Our results showed that the isolate has maximum growth at 30ºC, at pH 7 in Triptic Soy Broth containing 1% NaCl. Its sporulation was supported in synthetic medium and the bacterial cell suspension was produced in pilot fermenter. Powder bio-pesticide was produced using this cell suspension and necessary formulation materials in the spray dryer. The physical and biological properties like wettability, suspensibility, particle size, moisture content, and viable spores of the formulated powder were determined and noted as 30s, 80%, 25 µm, 8% and 3x1011 (CFU/gdv), respectively. Insecticidal activity of the product against Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Plodia interpunctella and Lobesia botrana larvae in laboratory conditions were investigated. Mortality results were identified as 48% against T. pityocampa, 90% against L. botrana and 90% against P. interpunctella. Toxicity/pathogenicity assays of the dried powder on eukaryotic hosts were performed on rats. Subsequently, blood, feces and lung samples of rats were investigated for the presence of B. thuringiensis spores. Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Lepidoptera, bio-pesticide 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 47 P-02 Isolation, characterization and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis from warehouses in Trabzon Meriç DEMELİ, Kazım SEZEN, Zihni DEMİRBAĞ Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Trabzon, mdemeli@ktu.edu.tr Abstract Samples were obtained from warehouses in Trabzon to create different Bacillus thuringiensis strains with new toxin combinations and the bacteria were isolated from samples. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization of these bacterial isolates were accomplished and determined the insecticidal activity of them on warehouse pests. It was obtained 26 bacterial isolates belonging Bacillus sp. These isolates were named as B1-5, F2-7, N1-10 and Bg1-5. The colonial, cellular, physiological and biochemical properties of these bacterial isolates were analyzed by the light microscopy, manual tests and API kit, respectively. For the molecular characterization, 16S rDNA sequence and cry gene contents were detected. Bg2, Bg5, N6, N9 isolates were recorded as Bacillus thuringiensis. As a result of molecular characterization, it was detected that the isolate Bg5 has a cry1 gene, N6 has a cry3 gene. The toxic effects of the isolates were determined by the bioassay using third instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Indianmeal moth), Ephestia kuehniella (Mediterranean flour moth) and adults of Sitophilus granarius (Wheat weevil). As a consequence of bioassay, the mortality of Bg5 against P. interpunctella was 100%. It is proposed that highly effective insecticide Bg5 (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) may be an important biological control agent in the control with Lepidopteran pests in warehouse. Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, warehouses, biological control 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 48 P-03 The effect rates of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal using in Biological control of Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae) Yaşar AKSUa Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLUa Berna ÇELİK GÖKTÜRKa a Artvin Regional Forestry Management, Artvin, Turkey y_aksu3@hotmail.com Abstract The effect rate of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal were studied determination in trial studies making for biological control of Lymantria dispar (L.) damaging in Quercus (Quercus petraea) forests. Caterpillars in the secand-third tunica were put 75 numbers as 15 numbers in every trial pot. Drug prepared by adding 1 cc to 1 liter water from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki being 16.000 bacterial in mg was sprayed to fresh Quercus leaves. Leaves which were wetted with drug were put in trial pots by drying on 27.05.2012. Death of 58 caterpillars and death of 6 pupaes were determined in controls made on 03-10-25.06.2012. Moreover, 11 grown pupaes was determined. B. Thuringiensis was observed to be effective in rate of %85,3 on larvaes. With drug prepared by adding 1 cc Neemazal to 1 liter water, it was determined that 59 caterpillars were died, 16 pupaes were remained in pupae stage, 2 pupaes were died, 14 pupaes were adult. Furthermore, Neemazal was observed to be effective in rate of %81,3. Key words: Lymantria dispar, Bacillus thuringiensis, biological control, Neemazal 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 49 P-04 Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Natural Entomopathogenic Fungi Özlem GÜVENa, Fatma Gül ÖZÇELİK b Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Isparta okalkar@hotmail.com b Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Kahramanmaraş Abstract In this study, entomopathogen was isolated from soil samples collected from the central villages of KahramanmaraĢ wheat fields and BaĢkonuĢ forests. Development characteristics of isolates on artificial medium, microscopic examination of the morphological structures and molecular characterization were performed Beauveria bassiana, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. were identified. Time of germination and hyphae production, colony color and development, shape of conidi, conidiophor and phialid were used for morphological characterizations. 18S and ITS region nucleotide sequences were used molecular characterization of fungal isolates. Observed sequence results were compared with database sequence using Blast and phylogenetic tree was drawn using Mega 4.1 software. Key words: Morphological characterization, ITS, 18S, Beauveria bassiana, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 50 P-05 Isolation and characterization of a parasitic nematode, Oscheius myriophila (Nematoda: Rhabditida), associated with European mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) Zeynep ERBAŞ, Zihni DEMIRBAĞ, İsmail DEMIR Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey. zerbas-@hotmail.com Abstract A nematode strain was isolated from a population of European mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae), collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Based on morphometrical and molecular (ITS partial sequence) properties, it was identified as Oscheius myriophila. This species of dauer juveniles resembled with Rhabditis myriophila (Poinar, 1986), however, it differs in having larger body length (571.3 693.9) and distance from the head to the nerve ring (100 116.8), and smaller tail length (53.4 76.8) and width at anus (10.4 13.8). This stage is the third-stage juvenile enclosed in a second-stage cuticle that surrounds the nematode like a sheath. The sequences of the ITS region of rDNA confirmed this identification. The species is recorded for the first time from Turkey and in G. gryllotalpa. Key words: Oscheius myriophila, Gryllotalpagryllotalpa, Parasitic nematode 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 51 P-06 The isolation, characterization and pathogenicity of bacteria from Ephestia (Cadra) cautella İslam YILDIZ, Kazım SEZEN, Zihni DEMİRBAĞ Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Trabzon. islamyildiz@ktu.edu.tr Abstract Almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the important insect pets of dried fruits and other stored products. Almond moth that is polyphagous pest is widespread in all over the world and our country. Larvae of almond moth cause a serious damage at tree, warehouse and threshing floor of drying fig. Also it damages to many dried fruits that are chestnut, walnut, hazelnut, pistachio, peanut, almond, sesame and sun flower. Although various cultural, chemical and biological methods are being used to control this pest, its damage still continues effectively all over the world and our country. In order to find a significant microbial control agent against this pest, first of all studies, we determined 13 bacterial isolates and identified these isolates based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characters. According to these characters, the isolates that had been determined from Ephestia cautella, were identified as Serretia sp. (Eca1, Eca3 and Eca11), Bacillus thuringiensis (Eca2, Eca4, Eca6, Eca7, Eca8, Eca9, Eca10, Eca12, Eca13), Bacillus axarquensis (Eca5). The insecticidal activities of these isolates were performed against three insect species that is belong to Lepidoptera group and cause serious damages in warehouses. The highest insecticidal activity is 57 % for Eca9 isolate on the 3th instar larvae of Ephestia cautella, 100 % for Eca9 isolate on the 3th instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella and % 100 for Eca10 and Eca3 isolate on the 3th instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella. The result indicates that Eca9, Eca3 and Eca10 isolates may be valuable as potential biological control agents for the control of warehouse pests. Key words: Ephestia cautella, Bacillus thuringiensis, warehouse, microbial control 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 52 P-07 In vitro characterization of Chilo iridescent virus 012L encoded protein Yeşim AKTÜRK DİZMANa,b, Cemal SANDALLIb, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa and Remziye NALÇACIOĞLUa a Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Trabzon akturkyesim_53@hotmail.com b Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Rize Abstract Chilo iridescent virus (CIV), also known as Invertebrate iridescent virus 6, belongs to the family Iridoviridae and is the type species of the genus Iridovirus. The genome of CIV has been entirely sequenced and found as 212482 bp. Iridoviruses are large, cytoplasmic, icosahedral viruses with a linear double-stranded DNA genome that is both circularly permuted and terminally redundant. CIV has a broad host spectrum and has, in general, a limited mortality effect on its hosts. Up to now, there have been several studies about CIV describing its structure and ecology. However information about the molecular aspects of CIV is not enough. In this study, activity of Chilo iridescent virus 012L ORF, a potential exonuclease gene, was functionally studied. Firstly, CIV 012L gene was cloned into the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression-vector system, expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells with N-terminal His tag. Expression of recombinant protein was analysed by Western immunoblotting. The His-Tagged protein band was detected on the membrane at approximately 72 kDa size as it is expected. It was detected in insoluble fractions of infected cells at 96h post-infection. In order to determine whether the purified, His-tagged 012L protein had nuclease activity, firstly standard endonuclease reaction was set up. The endonuclease activity of the enzyme was tested by using a supercoiled plasmid substrate. The conversion of the supercoiled form to the nicked and linear forms is an indicator of endonucleolytic activity of CIV 012L protein. Further analyses need to be done in order to see if the 012L protein has exonuclease activity or not. Key words: Chilo iridesent virüs, exonuclease, baculovirus expression system, endonuclease activity Acknowledgment: This work was supported by Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Fund (Project No: 8627). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 53 P-08 Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae): Efficacy against Leptinotarsa decemlineata L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Agelastica alni L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Zeynep ERBAŞ, Zihni DEMIRBAĞ, İsmail DEMIR Karadeniz Technical University,Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey. zerbas-@hotmail.com Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are excellent candidates for biological control of insect pests. Attributes making the nematodes as ideal biological control material include their broad host range, high virulence, safety for non-target organisms and high efficacy in favorable habitat. The efficacy of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae, and Steinernema websteri from the Black Sea Region, was tested against adults and pre-pupae of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and Agelastica alni, which are serious insect pests of potatoes and alder trees, respectively, in Turkey. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions for both insect pests, and insect mortalities were checked daily over 7 days. Different concentration of nematodes were used at 25 1 °C. After 7 days, S. websteri and S. feltiae provided 98% and 93% mortality, respectively, against pre-pupae of the L. decemlineata, whereas H. bacteriophora resulted in 66% mortality. S. websteri gave 78% and 99% mortality against adults and pre-pupae of the A. alni, respectively. On the other hand, H. bacteriophora provided 47% and 35% mortality, respectively, against adults and pre-pupae of the A. alni. The results suggest that S. websteri and S. feltiae have significant biological control potential against pre-pupae of the L. decemlineata and A. alni. Key words: Entomopatogenic nematodes, Biological control, Chrysomelidae 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 54 P-09 Screening of entomopathogenic fungi against the Grey corn weevil, Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) İsmail DEMIRa, Mustafa GÜLLÜb, Emine SÖNMEZa, Seda KOCAÇEVIKa, Zihni DEMIRBAĞa a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey. idemir@ktu.edu.tr b Biological Control Research Station Direction, Adana Abstract Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll. (Grey corn weevil), is one of the most serious pests of maize in Eastern and Central Europe, Asia Minor and Turkey. It is a polyphagous species and beside maize it can also cause serious yield loss of sunflower and sugar beet. In this study, in order to find an effective biocontrol agent against this pest, we determined the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi against T. dilaticollis. Virulence of seven highly pathogenic strains including Beauveria bassiana (Gg-1, Mm-1, Dm-5), Metarhizium anisopliae (Gg-12), Myriodontium keratinophilum (Gg-11) and Clonostachys sp. (Gg-3, Gg-5) was evaluated on T. dilaticollis adults under laboratory conditions. Based on screening studies, M. anisopliae Gg-12 had the highest mortality and mycosis (100%) within 15 days towards pest adults. Concentrationmortality response tests at 1x106, 1x107, 1x108 and 1x109 spore/mL-1 of of M. anisopliae Gg-12 resulted with 100% mortality and mycosis rates with all concentrations at the same conditions. Overall results show that M. anisopliae Gg-12 isolate appears to be the most promising microbial control agent for biocontrol of T. dilaticollis. Key words: Tanymecus dilaticollis, Microbial control, Entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Projects Division, (Project Number: 8625). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 55 P-10 Highly Effective Bacterial Agents against Cimbex quadrimaculatus (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae): Isolation of Bacteria and Their Insecticidal Activities İsmail DEMİRa, Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICIa, Halil BOLUb, İnanç ÖZGENc, Zeynep ERBAŞa, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey. idemir@ktu.edu.tr b DicleUniversity, Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Diyarbakır, Turkey. c Fırat University, Baskil Vocational School, 23800, Baskil, Elazığ, Turkey. Abstract Cimbex quadrimaculatus (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) is one of the serious pests of almond in Turkey and worldwide. Up to now, there is no effective biological control agent against this pest. In this study which is performed to find an effective bacterium that can be used as biocontrol agent against C. quadrimaculatus in the pest managements, we isolated seven bacteria from dead and alive C. quadrimaculatus larvae, and evaluated larvicidal potency of all isolates on the pest. According to the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular properties (partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene), isolates were identified as Bacillus safensis (Cq1), Bacillus subtilis (Cq2), Bacillus tequilensis (Cq3), Enterobacter sp. (Cq4), Kurthia qibsonii (Cq5), Staphylococcus sp. (Cq6) and Staphylococcus sciuri (Cq7). The results of larvicidal activities of these isolates indicated that mortality value obtained from all treatments changed from 58% to 100%, and reached 100% with B. safensis (Cq1) and B. subtilis (Cq2) on the 3rd instar larvae within 10 days after application of 1.89 109 cfu/mL bacterial concentration at 25°C in the laboratory conditions. Finding from this study indicates that this isolate appear to be a good candidate to be utilized as a promising biocontrol agent for use against C. quadrimaculatus. Key words: Cimbex quadrimaculatus, Culturable bacterial flora, Bacillus, Biocontrol Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Dicle University, Scientific Research Projects Division, (Project Number: DÜBAP-ZF-087). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 56 P-11 Host related transactivation of serine / threonine protein kinase gene of Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus a Duygu BEKIRCAN, bHacer MURATOĞLU, aRemziye NALÇACIOĞLU, cBasil M. ARIF, aZihni DEMIRBAĞ a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey dbekircan@ktu.edu.tr b Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. c Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada Abstract Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) contains a non-structural serine / threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase gene (ORF AMV197). It is known that protein kinases play significant role in virus replication. Understanding the transactivation of this gene is important for the understanding of virus replication. Transactivation can be triggered by endogenous cellular or viral proteins, so-called transactivators. By binding to the promoter region of a gene, a transcription factor causes that gene to be expressed. In this study, we aimed to determine which factors regulate the trasactivation of AMV197 Total cytoplasmic proteins were extracted from mock infected and AMEV infected Ld652 cells. A 157 bp probe was prepared from AMV197 promoter region, which started from translation start side to 154 bp sequences upstream of ATG. The probe was labeled with digoxigenin. To detect the transactivator of AMV197, South-Western hybridization was performed on cytoplasmic proteins. Five proteins bands were detected in mock infected and AMEV infected protein samples. The results indicate that the five host proteins are potential transactivators of AMV197. We conclude that the Ser/Thr protein kinase gene of AMEV is likely to be transactivated by a host protein(s) and the protein kinase gene plays a role in virus host range. Key words: Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus, serine / threonine protein kinase, trans-activator proteins, South-western hybridization Acknowledgement: This study has been funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No: 110T887) and Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Fund (Project No: 8646). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 57 P-12 Pathogenicity of Beauveria pseudobassiana from Dendroctonus micans Kugel. (Coleoptera: Curcunlionidae) against Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) Seda KOCAÇEVIKa, Ali SEVIMb, Zihni DEMIRBAĞa, Mahmut EROĞLUc, İsmail DEMIRa a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey. sedakocacevik@hotmail.com b Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Kırşehir, Turkey. c Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey. Abstract The great spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans (Kugel.), is the most destructive pest in Eurasian spruce forests all over the world. Rhizophagus grandis (Gyll.) is the most important predator of this pest and is held to be one of the principal agents that effectively controls D. micans. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Beauveria pseudobassiana isolated from D. micans against R. grandis. A conidial suspension of B. pseudobassiana caused 100% and 78% mortality on larvae and adults of R. grandis within 15 days under laboratory conditions, respectively. However, it caused only 33% and 20% mycosis rates on larvae and adults of the pest, respectively. We also determined horizontal transmission of this fungus between D. micans and R. grandis. R. grandis adults (one male and one famele) fed with D. micans larvae were contaminated with spore suspension of B. pseudobassiana, and the most effective transmission were recorded as 13% from 100% contamination after 15 days under the laboratory conditions. Mycosis rate of this mortality were also determined only as 20%. Findings from our results indicate that R. grandis seems to be quite resistant to B.pseudobassiana, this strain cannot spread horizontally from D. micans larvae to R. grandis adults. Therefore, B. pseudobassiana is an important candidate to develope as biological control agent against D. micans. Key words: Dendroctonus micans, Rhizophagus grandis, Beauveria pseudobassiana, Entomopathogenic fungi, Biological control 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 58 P-13 Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus encodes a functional protein kinase a Hacer MURATOĞLU, bRemziye NALÇACIOĞLU, cBasil M. ARIF, bZihni DEMIRBAĞ a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. hacermuratoglu@yahoo.com b Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. c Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada Abstract Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) belongs to Entomopoxvirinae, which is a subfamily of Poxviridae. The virus is pathogenic to several insect pests. In addition, AMEV has a potential as a vector for gene expression and gene therapy. In this work, bioinformatics and functional analysis of protein kinase (ORF AMV197) of AMEV was performed. This gene locates on the AMEV genome between 169246170145 bp. Also it has protein kinase catalytic domain on aa 12-299 and an ATP binding domain at aa 18-26. In addition, some of 11 conserved protein kinases subdomains were determined in AMV197. AMV197 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into a baculovirus expression vector system and the protein was purified by nickel columns. The purified protein was tested for its potential as a protein kinase. Protein microarray was performed to determine substrate-enzyme interactions. Our results showed 81 positive interactions among 617 tested substrates. Positive results include substrates belonging to 28 substrate families of protein kinases. The data show that the protein product of AMV197 is very likely to have kinase activity for broad range of substrates and it phosphorylated proteins which have both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. Key words: Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV), protein kinases, AMV197, insect virus Acknowledgement: This study has been funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No: 110T887) 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 59 P-14 Determination of entomopathogenic bacteria species in Dermacentor marginatus and Rhipicephalus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Adem KESKINa, Ahmet BURSALIa, Hüseyin TEPEb, Şaban TEKINc a Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Biology 60250 Tasliciftlik, Tokat ademkeskin@yahoo.com b Abdullah Gül University, Lifelong Learning Center (HAYMER), 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri c Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 60250 Tasliciftlik, Tokat Abstract Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods that infest on various vertebrate hosts. They have medically and economical importance due to their ability to circulate of various zoonotic pathogens between animals and humans. The control of tick populations is very important for the prevention of tick-borne diseases. One of the tick control strategies is to use entomopathogenic pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and nematodes. Earlier studies reported the effectiveness of the several entomopathogens for the control of tick populations. To date there is no study reporting the potential use of entomopathogenic organisms for the control of ticks in Turkey. In this study, the presence of potential entomopathogenic bacteria in the tick bacteriom have been tested using tick species, Dermacentor marginatus and Rhipicephalus annulatus. The genomic DNA samples from D. marginatus (4) and R. annulatus (4) were used to determine the bacteriom of these ticks using bacterial 16S tag-encoded FLX-titanium amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). The results showed that the entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were found in D. marginatus ticks, whereas Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Alcaligenes faecalis were present in R. annulatus. Therefore we suggest that some of these bacteria, A. faecalis, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. subtilis and P. fluorescens may be used as a biological control agent for the control of the tick species tested. Key words: Ticks, D. marginatus, R. annulatus, biological control, entomopathogenic bacteria. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 60 P-15 Determination of entomopathogenic bacteria species in Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma excavatum (Acari: Ixodidae) Ahmet BURSALIa, Adem KESKINa, Hüseyin TEPEb, Şaban TEKINc a Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Biology 60250 Tasliciftlik, Tokat bursali383@yahoo.com b Abdullah Gul University, Lifelong Learning Center (HAYMER), 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri c Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 60250 Tasliciftlik, Tokat Abstract Ticks, members of the phylum Arthropoda, are mandatory blood feeding ectoparasites. They play an important role for circulation of many zoonotic pathogens due to parasitising on various vertebrate animals. Thus, the population of ticks must be controlled to prevent transmission of tick-borne diseases. Several entomopathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi and nematodes have been applied on to ticks to test their potential for the tick control. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies on entomopatogenic control of ticks in Turkey. In the present study, we examined two hyalomid tick species, Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma excavatum for the presence of potential entomopathogenic bacteria. The DNA samples were isolated from Hyalomma marginatum (4) and Hyalomma excavatum (4) ticks and tested for the presence of entomopathogenic bacteria using bacterial 16S tag-encoded FLX-titanium amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). According to our results, two entomopathogenic bacteria, Paenibacillus validus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and only Paenibacillus validus were detected in H. marginatum and H. excavatum ticks respectively. Consequently, this is the first study reporting the presence of P. validus and P. aeruginosa in Hyalaomma species tested in Turkey. We suggest that these enotmopathogenic bacteria may have potential for the control of the most prominent tick species, H. marginatum and H. excavatum, which transmit dangerous pathogens to animals and humans. Key words: Ticks, H. marginatum, H. excavatum, Tick control, entomopathogenic bacteria. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 61 P-16 The effect of plant quality on survival of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae infected by a nucleopolyhedrovirus Sibel CAVDARa, Oguzhan YANARa, Elif Fatma TOPKARAa, İsmail DEMİRb a University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology 55139 Samsun, Turkey. oyanar46@gmail.com b Karadeniz Technical University , Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey. Abstract In this study the influence of plant secondary compounds on the survival rate of Lymantria dispar, infected with Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV), was investigated using four different plant species, Quercus cerris, Hippophae rhamnoides, Corylus maxima and Crataegus monogyna. The highest survival rate has been seen on the larvae which have fed on the H. rhammoides that had the highest protein rate. On the other hand the highest mortality rate has been recorded on the larvae which have fed on the C. monogyna that had the lowest protein rate. Maximum deaths of the larvae infected by each food set have occurred second day. These deaths have observed in larvae that fed on plant, C. monogyna, with lowest amount of protein. We have discovered that survival rate have correlated with gallotanen amounts. The survival rate of the infected larvae fed on H. rhammoides that have the highest gallotanen amount are higher than other diets. Our results have showed that in the larvae which were treated with Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus the survival rate positively correlated with proantosiyanidin (condensed tannin) and total phenolic content. Key words: Lymantria dispar Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Secondary compounds, survival rate, mortality 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 62 P-17 Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from the soil samples in Giresun Island Türkmen AYAKSIZa, Hatice KATIa a Giresun University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Giresun turkmen_ayaksiz@hotmail.com Abstract Recently, biological control studies have became more important due to harmful effects of chemicals on environment and resistances of the insects to these chemicals. The interest of Bacillus thuringiensis strains producing insectisidal proteins as microbial insecticide has increased. Therefore, studies on the isolation of new B. thuringiensis strains for using against the insect pests have became popular. In this study, five B. thuringiensis strains isolated from the soil samples in Giresun Island have been identified as crystal morphology, SDS-PAGE analysis, plasmid profile, cry gene content, fatty acid analysis and biochemical tests. It was determined that B. thuringiensis strains has crystal bodies which is bipiramidal and unidentified shape under light microscope. Besides, SDS-PAGE and plasmid analysis showed that the strains was quite different from each other. Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, cry gene, crystal protein Acknowledgement: We would like to thank the staff of Giresun Food Control Laboratory and Canan TÜRKER (Department of Microbiology) for their helps for VITEK 2 analysis and Prof. Dr. Fikrettin ġahin and Ahmet KATI (Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University) for fatty acid analysis. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 63 P-18 The effect of boric acid on production of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein and bioactivity against Cadra cautella larvae Burcu ŞAHİN, Mehlika ALPER, Bekir ÇÖL, Oktay DURSUN, Hatice GÜNEŞ Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mugla bsahin@mu.edu.tr Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used biopesticide that has importance with its insecticidal crystal proteins produced during sporulation. Isolation of new Bt strains and investigation of the factors that increase insecticidal activity and level of crystal protein are important in order to overcome with insect resistance developed against Bt preparations. In this study, the effects of boric acid on crystal protein production and bioactivity were examined. For this purpose, Bt strains isolated from boron area and Bt isolates from fig area with known toxic effects were used. First, 17 Bt isolates were obtained from 35 soil samples collected from Balıkesir, Bandırma, Kütahya-Emet and Hisarcık. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that all isolates contained cry1 gene and 41% of them contained cry2 gene. However, none of the isolates contained cry3, cry4 and cry9 gene. According to point boron tolerance analysis and growth curves, most of the isolates could grow at 50 mM boric acid, but not at 100 mM boric acid concentration. When crystal protein profiles were examined with SDS-PAGE analysis with using different concentrations of boric acid, it was shown that Cry1 (130 kDa) and Cry2 (65 kDa) proteins were produced at all concentrations. While the highest crystal protein expression was observed in the control group, addition of boric acid at different concentrations resulted in a decrease in Cry protein level. Finally, bioactivity assays of the isolates against Cadra cautella showed that the isolate KE63-64 caused 75% mortality, but the addition of 1% boric acid did not affect the mortality. Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, boric acid, Cadra cautella, cry gene, Cry protein 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 64 P-19 Determination of bacteriom of some hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) species using molecular methods Haktan CAGLAYANa, Saban TEKINb, Isa KARAMANc, Ahmet BURSALIa and Adem KESKINa a Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Tokat haktancaglayan@gmail.com b Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat c Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Tokat Abstract Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are obligatory blood feding ectoparasites playing very important roles in transmission of various pathogenic microorganisms to animals and humans. Tick-borne diseases cause billions of dollars of economical losses in livestock industry and infections in humans resulting in fatalities. Since 2002, deadly tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) cases have been reported during summer season in Kelkit Valley region of Turkey. Therefore, ticks and tick-borne diseases needed to be controlled in the region. The chemical acaricide applications are the main tick control method used in practice. One of the control strategy is to use entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi. Determination of tick bacteriom is necessary for the detection of entomopathogenic bacteria present in ticks. In the present study, bacteriom of two hard tick species collected from Tokat province is determined using standard bacteriological culture methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We isolated 64 bacteria colonies and 20 bacteria species using 16S-rDNA based PCR in 17 Haemaphysalis parva and 1 Hyalomma marginatum ticks. We suggested that some bacteria species determined in ticks may be used for the biological control of hard ticks. Key words: Hard ticks, Bacteriome, Biological Control, PCR 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 65 P-20 Susceptibility of the noxious social insects Blatta orientalis and Blattella germanica cockroaches to infection by entomopathogenic nematodes Nona MIKAIA Sokhumi State University, Faculty Natural Sciences and Health Care. Tbilisi, Georgia nonamikaia@gmail.com Abstract The susceptibility of the cockroaches Blatta. orientalis and Blattella. germanica, to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN)and their reproduction in this hosts was investigated. Mortality of cockroach B.orientalis by EPN nematodes after 24 h exposure to Steinernema carpocapsae was 38% and 25 % to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Mortality of B. germanica by EPN after 24 h exposure to S.carpocapsae was 48% and 28 % to H. bacteriophora. After 48 h exposure the mortality B.orientalis caused by S. carpocapsae achieved 58%, that of H.bacteriophora 42%. Mortality of B. germanica by EPN after exposure to S.carpocapsae was 52% that of H. bacteriophora 48%. Mortality of insects caused by S.carpocapsae after 72 h exposure was 79% and 58% for H.bacteriophora. The reproductive potential of S.carpocapsae on the cockroach, B. orientalis, on the first second and third day was 2000, 2500 and 3000. For H.bacteriophora it was 1500, 1800, and 2200, of S.carpocapsae on the cockroach, B. germanica , on the first second and third day was 2200, 2800 and 3200. For H.bacteriophora it was 1400, 1700, and 2000, of S.carpocapsae on the forth, fifth and sixth day was much higher(3200, 3400 and 3600, accordingly) and for H.bacteriophora 2100, 2400, and 2500. On the seventh day the reproductive potential for S.carpocapsae made 4300 more than H.bacteriophora (3800). Key words: Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Blatta. orientalis, Blattella. germanica. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 66 P-21 Role of sexuality in the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on heritability of effectiveness to hybrid strains Tufan Can ULU, Yasemin KONGU and İsmail Alper SUSURLUK Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 16059 Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey, tculu@uludag.edu.tr Abstract Effectiveness is one of the major criteria in commercial mass production and widespread application of entomopathogenic nematodes. High effectivity provides successful, economic and environmentally safe insect pest management. The aim of the study was improving effectiveness through hybridization and determining sexuality effect on heritage of effectiveness to hybrid strains. Therefore, males and females of six domestic Turkish strains of the species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were mated each other on Woust agar. Then, ten hybrid strains were obtained after the hybridization process. Effectivity studies were conducted with the doses of 5, 10, 20, 50, 75 and 100 infective juveniles (IJ) per Galleria mellonella larva. The results of the study showed that 7 over 10 strains have higher effectiveness than their parents. Moreover, it was detected that the effectiveness of the hybrid strains was determined %57.1 from the female parent and %42.9 from the male parent. Key words: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, effectiveness, heritability, sexuality Acknowledgement: This study was financially supported by the TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey), Project number: TOVAG 110O161. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 67 P-22 Determination of Antibiotic Resistance of Some Pathogenic Fungi Adem İMALIa, Zeynep BULŞANa, Birgül İLHANa, Ferudun KOÇERb a b Kilis 7 Aralık University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 79000 Kilis. Bülent Ecevit University, Institute of Science and Technology of the Department of Biology, Zonguldak. kocerferudun@gmail.com Abstract The increasing use of antibiotics in the world and in our country, causing a decrease in the effect of antibiotics against microorganisms. In this study, the effect of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30mcg), clindamycin (2mcg), streptomycin (10mcg), methicillin (5mcg), imipenem (10mcg), vancomycin (5mcg) antibiotics on of Acremonium kiliense, Alternaria alternata, Arachniotus ruber, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. cucumerinum, C. herbarum, Ulocladium tuberculatum, were investigated using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion the method. As a result of this study, 14 mm zone of inhibition, that C. cladosporioides against to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid has been observed. There was no effect of the antibiotics used against other fungi. The discovery of new antibiotics and the use of these, especially in our country the necessity of implementing similar studies have revealed. Key words: Pathogenic fungi, antibiotic resistance, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion the method. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 68 P-23 Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae) is attracted to its phoretic host larva killed by the entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) a Mehmet KARAGÖZ, aİbrahim ÇAKMAK, bDerya ULUĞ, bSelçuk HAZIR a Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 09010 Aydin, Turkey selcuk.hazir@gmail.com b Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, 09010 Aydin, Turkey Abstract We assessed whether Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae) female mites showed a differential preference when offered a choice between odors from various sources using a Y-tube olfactometer. Dissected insect larval tissues, nematode-killed cadavers, living insects, infective juvenile nematodes and freeze-killed larvae were used as odor sources. S. polyphyllae showed a significant preference for volatiles from dissected tissues of uninfected Polyphylla fullo larvae, P. fullo larvae killed by S. glaseri, or freeze-killed larvae compared to S. glaseri IJs or living P. fullo. Key words: Sancassania polyphyllae, Biological control, Polyphylla fullo, entomopathogenic nematodes 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 69 P-24 Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated From Wheat Fields in the Villages at Kahramanmaraş City Center Özlem GÜVENab, Cihat KOZb, İsmail KARACAa a Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Isparta okalkar@hotmail.com b Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Kahramanmaraş Abstract For successful biological control strategies, it is important to find and use entomopathogenic fungi adapted to natural conditions of each country. Isolation and characterization of entomopathogenic fungi from the wheat fields in the villages located near KahramanmaraĢ city center were performed in this study. Insect associated fungi in soil were isolated by baiting soil samples with larvae of Galleria mellonella. The common insect pathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, Paecilomyces sp., Aspergillus flavus (Linn), Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. were detected in 2010 and 2011. Six fungus isolates belonging to the genus Beauveria (Kapıçam 2010.C, Kapıçam 2010.E, Kürtül 2010.C, Kürtül 2010.E, Önsen 2010.A, Önsen 2010.B) and three fungus isolates belonging to genus Aspergillus (Aksu 2010.C, Kılavuzlu 2010.C, Kürtül 2010.B) were tested to 4th and 5th instar of G. mellonella larvae at the concentration of 1000 konidi/mm2. The experiment was conducted three times at the temperature of 27± 2oC and 60±5% relative humidity. Although Kapıçam 2010.C, Kapıçam 2010.E, Kürtül 2010.C, Kürtül 2010.E, Önsen 2010.A, and Önsen 2010.B isolates were caused 100% fungal infections. Fungal growth and sporulation occurred on the 60%, 45%, and 41%, of the larvae by Aksu 2010.C, Kılavuzlu 2010.C and Kürtül 2010.B isolates respectively. The results of our experiments have indicated that the isolates belonging to the genus Beauveria have a high pathogenicity on G. mellonella larvae. At the end of this study, entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from agricultural areas and it gave opportunity to use against insect pest for future studies. Key words: Beauveria bassiana, Isaria sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp. and Fungi Isolation. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 70 P-25 Survey On The Control Possibility Of Ephestiakuehniella Using Trichoderma Atroviridae Under Laboratory Conditions D. ZAFARIa, S. AZIMIYANb, H. MADADIc and F. Ghobadi ANVARd a Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran azimiyan_sara@yahoo.com c Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran d Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran b Abstract The pyralid Mediterranean moth Ephestia kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae) is a cosmopoliatan pest, particularly attacks to stored grains, dried fruits, legumes and other stored food products. Different species of Trichoderma are antagonists of many phytopathogenic fungi and have been considered as the most important fungal agent in biological control. In this study, among fungi that were isolated from some coleopteran beetles one was identified as T. atroviridae. In order to survey on the control of E. kuehniella by means of this fungus, pathogenicity effects of different concentrations including (10 2-107) spores/ml against third instar larvae was studied. The experiments were conducted under controlled conditions (25±1ºc, photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) and 55±5% R.H.) with 7 treatments and 4 replications. In each replicate 15 third instar larvae were immersed for 5 sec in 10ml of each conidial suspension. 24hours after treatment,mortality rate started to record and continued every day for 10 days. The results showed that along with increasing concentration of fungal suspension, larval mortality percentage increases.The lowest and highest mortality rate of larvae was 13% (102) and 67% (107) respectively. Pathogenic fungi LC50was estimated 0.109×106 spores/ml after 10 days. Based on the obtained results, T. atroviridaecan be used as an biocontrol agent against pests especially stored pests such as pyralid Mediterranean moth. Key words: Biological control, Entomopathogenic fungi, Stored pests, LC50 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 71 P-26 Taguchi’s method in reducing the experiment numbers of production optimizing of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus H. ASSEMIa, M. REZAPANAHb and A. SAJJADIa a Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education Center (TTREC), Behshahr, Iran hoda_assemi@yahoo.com b Insect virology lab, Biocontrol Dep., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box: 19395-1454, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran Abstract The Taguchi method is dealing with reducing the variation in a process through design of experiments. This studies were carried out to optimize production of nucleopolyhedrovirus of tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), by treating larvae individually with four inoculum-doses of HaNPV isolates were originally collected from infected H. armigera larvae from tobacco fields in north of Iran. The effect evaluation of seven factors, including larval instar, NPV isolates, the harvesting time of HaNPV, various artificial diets, different generations, time of storages on some yield characteristics of HaNPV needs lots of experiments. The selected seven factors were considered at four levels by Taguchi method just via 32 experiments. The maximum virus yield, 9.5×109 OB/larva, was obtained when late 5th larvae were fed individually with a dose of 5×104 OB/ml. A diet without Formaldehyde and Ascorbate virus has influenced the greatest impact on performance optimization. When the diet containing Formaldehyde and Ascorbate is used, 62.4% tobacco budworm larvae infect, but when the diet without Formaldehyde and Ascorbate is used the viral infection reach 92%. The proposed method facilitated systematic mathematical approach with a few well-defined experimental sets. Key words: Taguchi method, nucleopolyhedrovirus, optimization, Helicoverpa armigera 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 72 P-27 An effective bacterial isolate for the microbial control of Lobesia botrana (Lep.:Tortricidae) Lida MOHAMMAD GHOLIZADa,b and Zihni DEMIRBAGb a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, UrmiaUniversity, Urmia, Iran lida579@yahoo.com b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Abstract Lobesia botrana (Lep.:Tortricidae, Den. and Schiff), the European grapevine moth, is one of the most harmful insect pests of grape species in many countries. It damages grape from May to October during the larval stage. Although, chemical pesticides have been used to control this harmful pest, it still continues damaging all over the world, including Iran and Turkey. There is significant interest to develop an environmentally friendly and more effective pesticide against this pest. Entomopathogenic bacteria have been used against many noxious insect. In this study, we investigated bacterial flora of L.botrana collected from different populations of the West Azerbaijan region of Iran in 2011. Eight different bacteria were isolated from healthy, diseased and dead specimens based on the color of colony and morphology. According to morphological, physiological and biochemical properties, and sequencing results of the 16S rRNA gene of the isolates, the bacterial flora of L. botrana was determined as Enterococcus sp.(Lb4), Klebsiella sp. (Lb6), Rhodococcus sp.(Lb13), Enterobacter sp. (Lb12, Lb14, Lb15, Lb17), and Serratia sp. (Lb21). In order to find an effective bio control agent against this pest, we investigated the insecticidal effects of isolated bacteria against L. botrana. Results obtained from bioassay tests showed that one of the isolates (Lb21, Serratia sp.) had significant mortality (93%) on the larvae within 10 days of inoculation. These results indicate that Serratia sp.is a significant candidate to develop an effective biological control agent against L. botrana. Key words: Lobesia botrana, biological control, entomopathogenic bacteria, Serratia sp. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 73 P-28 A new entomopathogenic fungus: Myriodontium keratinophilum (Ascomycota: Myriodontium) from Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) Emine SÖNMEZa, Ali SEVİMb, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa, İsmail DEMİRa a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey. emine-sonmez@hotmail.com a AhiEvran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Kırşehir, Turkey. Abstract A fungal strain was isolated from cadaver of European mole cricket, (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L., Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) which causes serious economic damage to farming fields and the forests, collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Based on morphological and molecular properties, it was identified as Myriodontium keratinophilum (Samson & Polon., 1978). This fungus has been reported as agents of some human diseases, or possibly of animals, which suggests their ability to evoke the infection process. However, insect pathogenic propertiy of it has not been previously reported. In the present work, we report the first record of M. keratinophilum as an entomopathogenic fungus of six pests, including Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Agelastica alni L. (Copeoptera: Crysomelidae), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. (Copeoptera: Crysomelidae), Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae), Tanymecus dilatticollis Gyll., (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Agriotes lineatus L. (Coleoptera: Elateridae). In bioassays, a conidial concentration of M. keratinophilum, caused mortalities of 100% for 3th instar G. mellonelle larvae, 100% for 5th instar A. alni larvae, %90 for 1st instar L. decemlineata larvae, %53 for G. gryllotalpa nymphs, 53% for T. dilatticollis adults, and 66% for 4th instar A. lineatus larvea under laboratory conditions. These results suggest that M. keratinophilum seems to be a new entomopathogenic fungus and can be utilized as a biological control agent against several soil born pests. Key words: Myriodontium keratinophilum, Microbial control, Entomopathogenic fungi. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Projects Division, (Project Number: 8625). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 74 P-29 Genetic diversity of isolates of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus on tobacco budworm using PCR-RFLP technique Sajjadi S.A.a, Assemi H.a and Rezapanah M. R.b a Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education Center (TTREC), Behshahr, Iran sajjadi_a@yahoo.com b Insect virology lab, Biocontrol Dep., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box: 19395 -1454, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran Abstract Tobacco budworm (Helicoverpaarmigera) is the most serious tobacco pest throughout north of Iran and many damages can be occurred annually. In this regard, nucleaopolyhedrvirus of important biological control against budworm species and a number of other species. In order to sample from the infected larvae of the province of MazandaranandGolestanwas collected. Seven top virus isolates (two isolates Lalym and Tirtash Education Research Center of Mazandaran province, five isolates Taqhartapeh, QulitapehMinoodasht, Tuskachal, Walsh Abad and Pichakmahaleh of Golestan province) were determined and counted. In vitro,30 larvae were placed on each of them. Once every 24 hours for 7 days, the numbers of dead larvae were counted. Data analysis, LC50 isolates from different populations, the slope of the regression line and compared the toxicity of tobacco bud worm larval stage was performed using POLO-PC software. To assess the molecular characteristics of the isolates and the virus recovered from the larvae, First,the genomic DNA from seven isolates were NPV virus and the PCR reactions were performed with primers specific for this virus. The results showed that B isolates with the lowest LC50 and LT50 of OB/ ml 2111.170 and 5.545 days, compared to six isolates A, C, D, E, F and G isolates were identified as the most pathogenic. In this regard, the results of PCR primers specific product also confirmed the virus genome. HindIII restriction enzyme cut and four isolates differences between isolates showed. Key words: Tobacco budworm, PCR-RFLP, POLO-PC, nucleaopolyhedrvirus 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 75 P-30 Entomopathogens & Environmental Sustainability Aysel KEKİLLİOĞLU Nevşehir University, Science & Arts Faculty, Biology Dept akekillioglu@nevsehir.edu.tr Abstract Today a variety of entomopathogens are used for the control of invertebrate pests in glasshouse and row crops, orchards, ornamentals, range, turf and lawn, stored products, and forestry and for the abatement of pest and vector insects of veterinary and medical importance. Control of pest insects with chemical pesticides has generated several problems including insecticide resistance, outbreaks of secondary pests normally held in check by natural enemies, safety risks for humans and domestic animals, contamination of ground water, decrease in biodiversity, and other environmental concerns. These problems and sustainability of programs based predominantly on conventional insecticides have stimulated increased interest in integrated pest management. Sustainable agriculture in the 21st century will rely increasingly on alternative interventions for pest management that are environmentally friendly and reduce the amount of human contact with chemical pesticides. As a result, in this study, entomopathogens will be tried to be examined as its importance and functions in terms of environmental sustainability. Key words: Entomopathogens, Pests, Agriculture, Environment, Ecology, Sustainability, Management 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 76 P-31 The Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungus [Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus)] on the Black Cherry Aphid [Myzus cerasi Fabricus (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] Adults a Ilker KEPENEKCI, aBurcu İNAL, aEmre EVLICE and aErçin OKSAL a Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, 06172 Ankara, kepenekci@gmail.com Abstract Myzus cerasi as a cosmopolitan species chooses plants from such families as Cruciferae, Plantaginaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae and Scrophulariaceae as hosts. This pest species, which is widespread in our country, causes curling and distortion of the leaves by establishing large colonies on growing shoots. Besides, they cause the growth of black sooty fungus on account of the honeydew they secrete. It is known that this species can transmit several viruses including Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) and Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) in a non-persistent manner. In this study, it is searched the effects of entomopathogenic fungus, [Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus)] on the black cherry aphid (BCA) adults in laboratory conditions. In the study in which two different applications are made, plastic plates with 12 cells (each of 24 mm diameter and 20 mm depth) are used. In the first application while a drying paper is put under each cell, in the second application each cell is filled with sterile sand of 0, 2 gr. After three different densities of P. lilacinum spore suspension (106, 107 ve 108 cfu/ml) is applied to each cell in each application with 0, 2 ml, plates are closed by putting into each cell one BCA and they are taken into an incubator of three different temperature (15, 20, and 300 C). In the controls, sterile water is given to the surface of the cells. After 48, 72, and 96 hours of application, deaths have occurred and dead BCAs are taken to “White- Trap” mechanism and put into an incubator of 250 C. The highest effect among the death rates of BCA is observed in 108 cfu/ml concentration of 300 C. No death is observed in the BCAs used as control at the end of the experiment. In the applications made at the surface of the sand, deaths are observed to occur in a shorter time. It will be appropriate that the results obtained from this first study made in laboratory conditions are also to be tried in the field conditions for the control of M. cerasi. It is hoped that the study will be helpful in the control strategies of this aphid species that will be put forward in a future time. It is seen that after having obtained hopeful results from this study, making similar works on the other aphid species are also necessary. Key words: Entomopathogenic fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1, Black Cherry Aphid, Myzus cerasi 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 77 P-32 Identification of Entomopathogenic fungi, Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus) by classical (morphologic and morphometric properties) and molecular methods a Ilker KEPENEKCI, aEmre EVLICE and aErçin OKSAL a Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, 06172 Ankara, kepenekci@gmail.com Abstract One of the major pests of the vegetables is root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (RKNs) which cause loss of production by bringing knots in the roots. RKNs for vegetables are important and if necessary measures are not taken in the vegetable areas contaminated with heavy RKNs, 80% loss of product can occur. RKNs are generally seen in the greenhouse vegetable growing areas of the coastal regions. The scope of biological control efforts in the world, especially the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) against RKNs have been studied in recent years. Studies on vegetable revealed that EPFs significantly reduced the number of RKNs. The use of entomopathogenic fungi against root knot nematodas is extremely common and effective in the world. Purpureocillium lilacinum was described more than a century ago and is a commonly occurring fungus in soil. The Purpureocillium lilacinum (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus) is the most widely tested fungus for the control of root knot and cyst nematodes. The fungus has also been implicated in a number of human and animal infections. In this study, TR1 isolate of P. lilacinum, which has been determined but not identified in Turkey, was identified by classical (morphologic and morphometric properties) and molecular methods. Although there is no record for fungal pathogens of root knot nematodes, fungi species that parasite plant parasitic nematodes were determined before. Vegetative hyphae are hyaline, straight and 5-4.0 μm wide. verticillate branches with whorls of 2 to 4 phialides. Phialides 8.4-13.5-1.9-3.1 μm, consisting of a swollen basal part, about 1 μm wide. Conidia form in divergent chains, which sometimes become slightly roughened to ellipsoidal, 2.1-3.4 x 2.0-2.2μm. Chlamydospores absent. DNA extraction was performed by using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and 123 bp patterns were obtained with species-spesific primers. Colonies on PDA, attaining a diameter of 5-7 cm within 14 days at 25°C. Coloni colour which at first white changed to violet by sporulating. Key words: Entomopathogenic fungi, Purpureocillium lilacinum, biological control, identified Acknowledgement: This work by supported TUBITAK (Project No: 111O784). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 78 P-33 Determination of efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) against a stored crop pest, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Ramazan CANHILALa, Fatmanur BORAZANa, Sevim DOĞANa, Yunus Emre ÖZDEMIRa, Gizem EŞGINa, Hüseyin AKSOYb a Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri r_canhilal@hotmail.com b Agromed Agricultural Products Co., Ltd., Adana Abstract Biological efficacy of nine endemic entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora YHS-3-H, H. bacteriophora KMP-2-H, H. bacteriophora PBS-1-H, H. bacteriophora FLH-3-H, H. bacteriophora ĠNC3-H, Steinernema feltiae KCS-4-S, S. feltiae OZV-5-S, S. carpocapsae 076-S, and S. bicornutum MGZ-4-S) obtained in a survey conducted in Kayseri province has been compared on Sitophilus oryzae adults under laboratory conditions. 200, 400 and 1000 infective juveniles (IJs)/adult doses of nematodes were used in trials. Each dose was repeated four times in Petri dishes. Petri dishes containing ten S. oryzae adults and IJs were placed in an incubator at 25°C and 75% relative humidity, and dead adults were recorded at the end of 4, 6 and 8th days. In the 200 IJ/adult dose, the highest mortality for H. bacteriophora PBS-1-H strain (%79.35) and the lowest mortality for H. bacteriophora ĠNC-3-H strain (%34.03); in 400 IJ/adult dose, the highest mortality for S. carpocapsae 076-S strain (%87.52) and the lowest mortality for H. bacteriophora ĠNC-3-H strain (%41.81); in 1000 IJ/adult dose, the highest mortality for S. carpocapsae 076-S strain (%89.50) and the lowest mortality for S. feltiae OZV-5-S strain (%38.89) were calculated at the last day count. The lowest LC50 value was calculated for S. carpocapsae 076-S strain with 57.96 IJs/adult followed by YHS-3-H with 73.03 IJs/adult. The highest LC50 value was 922.95 IJs/adult for S. feltiae OZV-5-S strain. 1000 IJs/adult and higher doses of S. carpocapsae 076-S, H. bacteriophora YHS-3-H, H. bacteriophora PBS-1-H, H. bacteriophora KMP-2-H, and H. bacteriophora FLH-3-H isolates whose mortality rates were higher and LC50 values were lower are needed to test under conditions similar to storage. Another technique using pheromones to attract the pest to defined stations and killing it there with entomopathogenic nematodes can be also tested. Key words: Biological control, entomopathogenic nematodes, Sitophilus oryzae, Heterorhabditis, Steinernema 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 79 P-34 Investigation of bioactivities of natural Bacillus thuringiensis isolates on Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella Mehlika ALPERa, Hilal TUNCAb, Hatice GUNESa a Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Department of Biology, Mugla haticegunes@mu.edu.tr b Ankara University, Department of Plant Protection, Ankara Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an entomopathogen soil bacterium that is capable of producing parasporal crystal inclusions (δ-endotoxin) during sporulation phase. It has been known that these crystal inclusions show highly specific insecticidal effect to the insects including different orders. For this reason, one of the most important biopesticides used successfully in the control of insect is B. thuringiensis. Pests feeding on cereal warehouse and crops produced from cereal in our country can give rise to loss of weight and seed of these crops as well as a decrease on the quality of product due to its molting residue and feces. In this study, natural B. thuringiensis isolates from environmental soil samples in Aydın province was investigated for their bioactivities against second instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella of warehouse pests. cry gene profiles of Bt isolates obtained was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Bioactivity of Bt isolates carring cry2 gene, known to be toxic against Diptera and/or Lepidoptera, on E. kuehniella and on P. İnterpunctella was determined as % mortality according to Abbott‟s formula. Among Bt isolates examined, it was found that the most effective 4 isolates caused 30%-50% mortality against E. kuehniella; the most effective 2 isolates caused 50%-70% mortality against P. interpunctella. When subgroups of cry2 gene of Bt isolates were studied by using specific primers, it was reported that the isolates showed 2 different cry2 gene profiles containing either cry2Aa1, cry2Ab2 and cry2Ac together or only cry2Aa1 gene alone. Cloning and sequencing of cry2 gene belonging to the most effective isolates 13MY and 42MY have been under investigations. Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Ephestia kuehniella, Plodia interpunctella Acknowledgment: This study was carried out as part of a grant 108T178 from Scientific and Technical Research Counsil of Turkey, TÜBĠTAK 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 80 P-35 Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis crops Mehlika ALPERa a Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Department of Biology, Mugla mehlika.kara @gmail.com Abstract An entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produce crystal inclusions showing specific insecticidal effect and comprising one or more proteins called as δ-endotoxins (Cry and Cyt protein) during sporulation stage. The commercial Bt products have lower efficacy when compared to chemical insecticides and are inadequate in control of sucking and borer insects. It can be provided an effective way in control of insect with the using crystal protein genes of Bt for establishment of transgenic plant. The first genetically modified plants expressed Bt gene for insect resistance was tobacco and tomato plants. Subsequently, different Bt genes have been inserted into properly several plant species such as maize, cotton, potato, rice, canola and soybean. The first commercial transgenic Bt crop was transgenic Bt potato produced in 1995. These transgenic plants expressed Cry3A protein was used to control of Leptinotarsa decemlineata in particular. Although several Bt potato crops were improvement, marketing of Bt potato was withdrawn since 2001. Bt maize expressed Cry1Ab protein was first introduced in 1996 for controlling of Ostrinia nubilalis. The first generation Cry proteins synthesized in maize plant were Cry1Ab and Cry9C. Later, Bt maize plants introduced Cry3Bb1 protein gene have been used to control of Diabrotica species. Bt cotton expressed Cry1Ac protein was first grown in 1996 for protection against Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa zea and Pectinophora gossypiella. Also Bt cotton plants transferred with Cry2Ab protein gene have been used for controlling of pests. Transgenic plants carried hybrid Cry protein genes were created by advancing technology. The total global field assigned for Bt crops are over 50 million hectares. As the studies related to Bt increase, it can be contributed to environmental friendly insect control strategies. Key words: Bacilllus thuringiensis, transgenic plant, Cry protein 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 81 P-36 The studies to increase the insecticidal effect of Cry toxins Mehlika ALPERa a Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Depertmant of Biology, Mugla mehlika.kara@gmail.com Abstract The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces insecticidal proteins called as Cry (crystal) toxin which cause killing of some insects. Most of Cry toxins with three-domain are produced as protoxin. After Cry toxin was ingested by susceptible larvae, these crystals dissolve in alkaline environment of gut lumen and protoxins are cleaved by midgut proteases eventually activated toxins are occured. The activated toxins bind to primary receptors in the midgut cells. In common mode of action of Cry toxins, after the this binding heliks -1 of domain I of Cry toxins are removed. This cleavage stimulates oligomeric forms. After the oligomers bind to secondary reseptors, conformational changes occur. The pores formation in the apical membranes of midgut cells cause osmatic shock and the insect is dead. To improve effect of Cry toxin and to overcome insect resistance can increase effect of Cry toxins with additional proteins or make modifications in the Cry toxin gene. It has been known that addition of some proteaz inhibitörs and chitinase to Cry toxin application increases activity of Cry toxins. Cyt (cytolitic) toxins produced by some Bt strains enhance insecticidal activity of Cry toxins against Diptera in particular. When a cadherin fragment was fed to larvae of Lepidoptera, it has been observed that the activity of Cry toxin increased. It was determined that a mutation in helix -5 of domain I with site-directed mutagenesis caused a 3-fold toxic effect against larvae of Manduca sexta. It was reported Cry1Ab hybrid toxin containing domain III of Cry1C showed 10-fold toxic effect against Spodoptera exigua than parental Cry1C toxin. It was showed that deletion in the aminoterminal region including heliks -1 of Cry1A toxins was formed oligomer in the absence of cadherin receptor. Molecular analyses related to insect resistance to Cry toxins and interaction with receptor molecules can be extend of life of usage of Bt. Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Cry protein 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 82 P-37 Determination of the presence of entomopathogenic fungi in the region of Kayseri province and territory M. Alper ALTINOKa, Adeviye AKPINARa and H. Handan ALTINOKa a Erciyes University, Seyrani Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection, Kayseri alper4@gmail.com Abstract Samplings were carried out in the province of Kayseri-Turkey, during spring and summer seasons of 2012 for detection of entomopathogenic mycoflora in the soil environment. In Bünyan, Develi, Felahiye, Ġncesu, Kocasinan, Melikgazi, Özvatan, PınarbaĢı, Sarız, Tomarza, Yahyalı and YeĢilhisar districts, 184 different fields were sampled. Samples were taken from pastures (51%), agricultural fields (28%), orchards (17%) and forests (4%). Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae were used as insect baits for the recovery of entomopathogenic microorganisms and larval deaths were observed for samples representing 34 different locations. Nineteen fungal isolates were obtained from bait insects. These isolates were incubated in sterile Petri dishes containing PDA medium for seven days at 25°C, with 12 hours of illumination. Then, spore suspensions from these Petri dishes with 108 spore concentration were re-inoculated to fourth and fifth larval stages of Galleria contained in sterile Petri dishes. A total of 16 entomopathogenic fungi were re-isolated and according to field records, 12 of them were recovered from soils sampled at spring and 4 of them sampled in summer. In addition, the isolates from summer season originated only from agricultural fields. The most of the entomopathogenic fungi isolations were from Yahyalı (6 isolates) and YeĢilhisar (5), which are followed by Tomarza (2), Bünyan (1), Kocasinan (1) and Melikgazi (1) districts. The results indicated a higher entomopathogenic fungi activity at southern districts of Kayseri. Key words: Galleria mellonella, bait, entomopathogenic fungus, soil sampling 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 83 P-38 Ecological Diversity Of Entomopathogens Aysel KEKİLLİOĞLU, Merve KÖKSAL Nevşehir University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey akekillioglu@nevsehir.edu.tr Abstract One of the basic elements of biodiversity encompasses the scales of ecological differences from populations, through habitats, to ecosystems, ecoregions, provinces, and on up to biomes and biogeographic realms. This is an important dimension to biodiversity not readily captured by genetic or organismal diversity, and in many ways is that which is most immediately apparent to us, giving the structure of the natural and seminatural world in which we live. Because of this; main goals of this study is to establish the species composition, distribution and prevalence of entomopathogens (viruses, protozoans, microsporidia, fungi, nematodes) of some important insect pests of natural ecosystems with the broad attempt in completing and promoting some limited knowledge of biodiversity of insect pest pathogens and their potential in the biological protection of different levels of natural sytems form cell to ecosphere. Key words: Biodiversity, Ecodiversity, Entomo pathogens, Organisms, Ecosystems 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 84 P-39 Future Benefıts Of Insects Pathogens Aysel KEKİLLİOĞLU Nevşehir University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey akekillioglu@nevsehir.edu.tr Abstract Sustainable agriculture in the 21st century will rely increasingly on alternative interventions for pest management that are environmentally friendly and reduce the amount of human contact with chemical pesticides. Because; Control of pest insects with chemical pesticides has generated several problems including insecticide resistance, outbreaks of secondary pests normally held in check by natural enemies, safety risks for humans and domestic animals, contamination of ground water, decrease in biodiversity, and other environmental concerns. As components of an integrated approach, entomopathogens can provide significant and selective insect control. In the not too distant future we envision a broader appreciation for the attributes of entomopathogens and expect to see synergistic combinations of microbial control agents with other technologies that will enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of integrated control strategies. Key words: Agriculture, Insects pathogens, Sustainability, Pest management, Benefits. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 85 P-40 Protein-Protein Interactions Of The Structural Proteins Of Chilo Iridescent Virus Emine ÖZŞAHİNa, Monique van OERSb, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLUa, Just VLAKb, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, zihni@ktu.edu.tr b Wageningen University, Laboratory of Virology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract Iridoviruses has a wide range of host spectrum including invertebrate (especially insects), amphibians, reptiles and fishes which have ecological and economic importance. Knowledge of the viral interactome, particularly amongst structural virion proteins, has led to an emerging picture of the protein–protein interactions important for viral assembly, infection and egress. 46 structural proteins of Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) have been identified in previous studies. In this study we identify the interactions between structural proteins of CIV by yeast two hybrid systems. The structural genes were cloned into bait and prey vectors. Constructs were transfected into Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH109 strain. Minimal synthetic defined (SD) media was used for identification of protein-protein interactions. We have identified 5 interactions (118L415R, 232R-142R, 337L-309L, 337L-117L, 337L-295L) between structural proteins. Also we find that 117L interacts with at least 10 different proteins. After completing the interactom study, it is possible to understand the protein structure, assembly and infection of virus. Key words: Chilo iridescent virus, structural proteins, yeast-two-hybrid, protein-protein interaction Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TÜBĠTAK (Project No: 113Z020) 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 86 P-41 Virulance of some entomopathogen bacteria against Chrysomelidae, Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata L.) and Alder leaf beetle (Agelastica alni L.) Ardahan ESKİ, Zihni DEMİRBAĞ, İsmail DEMİR Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey ardahans@hotmail.com Abstract Beetles in the family Chrysomelidae are also commonly known as leaf beetles. Adult and larval leaf beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue. Many are economically important pests of agriculture, e.g. the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata L.) and the Alder leaf beetle, (Agelastica alni L.). While Colorado potato beetle is a pre-eminent pest on solanaceous crops such as tomato, eggplant, the Alder leaf beetle is among the most serious pests of hazelnut and alder trees. These pests globally cause damage during spring and summer. Some control strategies which have been applied so far are still insufficient to prevent its damage, and the various risk factors associated with the use of chemical insecticides such as development of resistance, accumulation of pesticidal residues in food chain and environmental pollution have driven the scientist to develop biotic alternative strategies to control of these pests. In the present study, in order to find a more effective and safer biological control agent, previously isolated 5 Bacillus strains have been tested against these common pests. The highest insecticidal effects on L. decemlineata larvae and adults were obtained as 83% and 73%, respectively, with Xd3 isolate (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis from Xyleborus dispar F., Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The highest insecticidal effects on A. alni larvae and adults were obtained as 88% and 80%, respectively, with Mm2 isolate (Bacillus thuringiensis from Melolontha melolontha L., Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Our results indicate that Mm2 and Xd3 isolates may be a valuable agent for the biological control of these pests. Key words: Chrysomelidae, Bacillus thuringiensis, Biological control Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Projects Division, (Project Number: 8761). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 87 P-42 Metarhizium anisopliae: A promising fungal agent against Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) Emine SÖNMEZa, Ali SEVİMb, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa, İsmail DEMİRa a Karadeniz Technical University,Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey. emine-sonmez@hotmail.com b Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Kırşehir,Turkey. Abstract Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (European mole cricket), is one of the most destructive pests of agriculture and forest all over the world. Control strategies are insufficient to prevent its damage. In this study, in order to find an effective microbial control agent against G. gryllotalpa, 15 fungal strains were isolated from G. gryllotalpa collected from Black Sea Region of Turkey. The isolates were characterized according to morphological and molecular characteristics. Based on these characteristics, the isolates were identified as Beauveria bassiana (Gg-1), Clonostachys sp. (Gg-2, Gg-3, Gg-4, Gg-5, Gg-6, Gg-8, Gg-9, Gg-13, Gg-15), Metarhizium anisopliae (Gg-7, Gg-12, Gg-14) and Myriodontium keratinophilum (Gg-10, Gg-11). All fungal strains were isolated for the first time from G. gryllotalpa. Also, M. keratinophilum is the first record of the isolation from any insect. Based on screening studies, M. anisopliae Gg-12 had the highest mortality and mycosis within 15 days under laboratory conditions. Concentration-mortality response tests were also performed and 100% mortality and mycosis rates were obtained from 108 and 109 ml-1 conidial concentration of M. anisopliae Gg12 within seven days. These results indicate that M. anisopliae Gg-12 has significant potential to be used for microbial control of G. gryllotalpa. Key words: Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Microbial control, Metarhizium anisopliae Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Projects Division, (Project Number: 8625). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 88 P-43 Elaboration of integrated plant protection from the fall webworm in urban environments Tsisa CHKHUBIANISHVILI, Iatamze MALANIA, Manana KAKHADZE NLE Agricultural University of Georgia, Kanchaveli Institute of Plant Protection cisia@mymail.ge Abstract Fall webworm (FWW), Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is the harmful insect damaging numerous plants in Western Georgia. To control of this main urban pest it is necessary the usage of environmentally safe means. Therefore, to find effective and safe control means were investigated. The chime of integrated protection of agricultural crops and green plantings from FWW was compiled with application of bacterial – Dipel, Xentar, Lepidocide; fungal – BotanyGard Es, virus – Virin-ABB; nematode – Steinernema feltia and biotechnical (Pheromone) means to control against pest. The biological efficacy from 80% to 97% of different biological means testing in natural conditions has given. At first time for Georgian conditions the sex pheromone traps (Russia) for the regulation of the FWW population dynamics in urban plots were tested. The traps were hung in a 3-time replications and control without pheromone capsules. Calculations were carried out simultaneously in the experimental and control traps, once a week, the duration of experiment 28 days. As a result of observations of high effectiveness of pheromone - dose 3 was has detected, the adhesive ability of FWW moths reached - 52 individuals, this dose will be taken into account for future use of pheromones in Western Georgia. Key words: Hyphantria cunea, pest, biological control, pheromone. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Georgian National GNSF/STO 8/8 – 509) Scientific Foundation (Grant N 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 89 P-44 Role of Prodigiosin on the Acaricidal Activity of Entomopathogen Serratia marcescens Serkan ORTUCUa, Murat OZDALb, Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERc, Mehmet Nuri AYDOGANb a Erzurum Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey b Atatürk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Erzurum,Turkey murat-ozdal@hotmail.com c Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Artvin,Turkey Abstract Serratia marcescens is a cosmopolitan bacterium widely isolated from soil, water, plants and insects. This bacterium is usually known as entomopathogenic. It has been suggested that the has pathogenic effect due to its chitinase activity but the role of the pigment is not clear. The objective of this study, acaricidal activity of the red pigment prodigiosin produced by S. marcescens was assessed. As a test organism, two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae) was reared on bean plants, and S. marcescens isolate MO-1 was isolated from grasshopper in the previous study. For prodigiosin production, S. marcescens MO-1 grown in nutrient broth containing %1 (w/v) mannitol was centrifuged. The pigment from the cell pellet was extracted with acetone/ethyl acetate and dried with sodium sulphate. The solvents were evaporated and the purified sample showing a single peak absorbance at 535 nm. After, the pigment solution was prepared in the water. Three different preparations, each supplied with 0.02% Tween 80, were tested. They were: 1x109 cell/ml suspension alone, the same suspension plus 0,1-5 mg prodigiosin/leaf disc and the pigment solution alone. Distilled water containing 0.02% Tween 80 was used as control. As a result, when applied alone to T. urticae, mortality percentages of 40% was recorded on the second day after the application at the 1 mg/leaf disc concentration. For treated with S. marcescens suspension, mortality was 20%. The best results were obtained when prodigiosin was combined with bacterial suspension (73.3%). These results show that prodigiosin has plays a major role in pathogenicity. Key words: Serratia marcescens, prodigiosin, Biological control 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 90 P-45 Functional analysis of Chilo Iridescent Virus zinc-binding matrix metalloproteinase genes Aydın YEŞİLYURTa, Hacer MURATOĞLUb, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLUa a Karadeniz Technical University, Faculity of Science, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey Karadeniz Technical University, Faculity of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey b Abstract Basement membranes that surround the tissues of lepidopterous larvae act as physical barrier to the movement of viruses. Therefore, one of the potential approaches is using the enzymes that disrupt the basement membrane proteins in biological control of agricultural pest insects. Matrix metalloproteinases are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that have the combined capacity to degrade all the components of the extracellular matrix. Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) genome encodes a 264 amino acid protein (ORF 165R) and a 178 amino acid protein (ORF 136R) containing zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) domains with over 40% amino acid sequence identity to a large group of organisms including primarily variety of Drosophila species and over %40 amino acid sequence identity with hypothetical metallopeptidases of other viruses, respectively. The CIV-MMP homologs were cloned and recombinant AcMNPV bacmids that express CIV-MMPs under the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus polyhedrin promoter were constructed. Recombinant bacmids were produced and transferred to Sf-9 cell line for high-level expression of recombinant protein. Expressed proteins were purified from Sf-9 cells after 96 hour post infection. Western blot analysises of the proteins resulted in a 34 kDa and 24 kDa protein band, respectively. CIV-MMP protein activities were tested using Azocoll as substrat. EDTA was used for inhibiting enzymatic activities. Results suggested that the CIV-165R gene homolog encode functional metalloproteinase which can be utilized in biological control of lepidopteron pests. Key words: Chilo iridescent virus, matrix metalloproteinase, azocoll, biological control Acknowledgements: This study has been funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No: 212T218). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 91 P-46 Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against (Operopthera brumata & Erannis defoliaria) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Field Conditions a Manana LORTKIPANIDZE, aOleg GORGADZE, bMedea BURJANADZE, aMadona KUCHAVA, a Mzia KOKHIA, aNana GRATIASHVILIA, aNino GABROSHVILI a Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia tami@dsl.ge; ogorgadze@iliauni.edu.ge b Agricultural University of Georgia, Vasil Gulisashvili forest Institute, Tbilisi, Georgia Abstract Nowadyas, plant protection from pests is an urgent problem in Georgia. Recently, widely distributed deciduous forest polyphagous pest insects cause significant damage to woodlands and resort areas. Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Steinernema carpocapsae and a local species Steinernema thesami were used aginst harmful pest Winter moth – Operopthera brumata & Umber moth – Erannis defoliaria in micro field experiment during May –June, 2012. Cultivation of entomopathogenic nematodes S. carpocapsae and S. thesami was carried out in vivo feeding media - Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor. Nematodes suspension with the concentration 700-1000 nem/ml was applied for the control of pest insects in field conditions under the temperature of 19-24°C and humidity of 85-89%. The trees were treated with OBX-14 unit in the evening hours of the cloudy weather. Insect mortality was recorded on the 7th day. As a result of using entomopathogenic nematodes suspension of S. carpocapsae with concentration 700-1000 nem/ml, the mortality of the Operopthera brumata & Erannis defoliaria was 60.8-65%, when in increasing the suspension to 1000 nem/ml, the mortality reached 75.5-74%. In using S. thesami nematode titre of 700 nem/ml suspension against pest insects, the recorded mortality made 60.5-64.5% and in increasing the concentration to 1000 nem/ml the mortality respectively increased to 71.5-74%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in increasing the nematode concentration, the mortality of the insects increases to 15%. During dissection of the insects their body cavity and fatty tissue appeared to be infested with grown-up infective juveniles (IJ) of entomopathogenic nematodes Key words: Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema thesami, Operopthera brumat, Erannis defoliaria, Biological control Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the Ilia State University internal Research project (2012). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 92 P-47 Study of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Susceptibility to Coccidaes Mariam CHUBINISHVILI, Rusudan SKHIRTLADZE, Irina RIJAMADZE NLE Agricultural University of Georgia, Kanchaveli Institute of Plant Protection m.chubinishvili@agruni.edu.ge Abstract Pest insects – Coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae) are widely distributed in Georgia. They damage the agricultural crops and ornamental plants. The relationship of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema feltiae (introduced from Israel) to Coccids: the soft scale - Coccus hesperidum, the vine scaleNeophulvinaria innumerabilis and the fern scale -Pinnaspis aspidistrae has studied. S. feltiae in vivo cultivation was conducted on the wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella at 21–230C temperature in laboratory. The experienced coccids were invasive with nematode suspension concentration 1500 infective juveniles IJ/ml, three replication. The coccids mortality calculation was conducted during the every 12, 72 hr with Abbot formula. The invasive coccids mortality after 12 hr was: P. aspidistrae - 5%, C. hesperidum - 10%, N.innumerabilis - 14%; after 48 hr larvae mortality was achieved: P. aspidistrae - 40%, C. hesperidum 50%, N.innumerabilis - 40%, but 72 hr mortality was equal _ P. aspidistrae - 70% , C. hesperidum - 85 %, N.innumerabilis - 65%. The pathological material microscopic (light, invert, stereoscopic) investigations show the presence of IJs in the body of each coccids species. As the results of experiments there is the perspective for biological agent S.feltia using to control the coccids in closed and upon ground farms. Key words: Coccids, EPN, Biological control. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Georgian National Scientific Foundation (Grant N sGNSF/STCU 5051). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 93 P-48 Determination of the efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal Using in Microbial and Organic control on Pristiphora abietina (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Yaşar AKSUb, Berna ÇELIK GOKTURK b, Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLUb a Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Artvin,Turkey nurcaniskender25@hotmail.com b Artvin Regional Forestry Management, Artvin, Turkey Abstract In this study, the effect rates of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal were investigated for the microbial control of Pristiphora abietina damaging in the spruce (Picea orientalis) forests. Bacterial and organical preparats were used in the laboratory trials. For this purpose, second-third instar larvae of P.abietina and fresh spruce twigs were collected from spruce forests of Artvin and brought to the laboratory for use in applications. Mixture, which was prepared by adding 1 cc to 1 liter water from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki being 16.000 bacterial in mg, was sprayed to fresh Picea twigs, which were later dried and put in the plastic box with larvae. Another experiment Neemezal prepared by adding 1 cc to 1 liter water was sprayed to fresh Picea twigs, which were later dried and put in the plastic box with larvae. In both trials, mortality was recorded for a period of 7 days. Effective rates of B. thuringiensis and Neemazal were 82.7%, 77.3% on the P. abietina larvae, respectively. In conclusion, B. thuringiensis were found to be more effective in the control of P. abietina than Neemazal. Key words: Pristiphora abietina, Pest, Bacillus thuringiensis, Neemazal 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 94 P-49 A Study on Bacterial Flora of Spruce Spider Mite Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) (Acari: Tetranychidae) Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Yaşar AKSUb a Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Artvin,Turkey nurcaniskender25@hotmail.com b Artvin Regional Forestry Management, Artvin, Turkey Abstract Spruce Spider Mite (Oligonychus ununguis) distributed in 1.000 hectare land of Artvin spruce forests and makes damaged along with Pristiphora abietina. In this study, bacterial flora of the pest were investigated for the first time and six bacteria were isolated. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of bacterial isolates were determined. Isolates were identified depending on the data 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Bacillus cereus (Ou2,Ou9), Staphylococcus chromogenes (Ou3), Pseudomonas oleovarans (Ou4), Streptomyces fimbriatus (Ou6) and Paenibacillus apiarius (Ou7). Further research will be directed to determine the pathogenicity of these bacterial isolates against O. ununguis. Key words: Oligonychus ununguis, pest, bacterial flora Acknowledge: This study was supported by Artvin Coruh University research grant (BAP-2012.F15.02.22). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 95 P-50 Pathogenicity on The Pest of Bacteria Isolated from Pristiphora abietina (Christ) (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Serkan ORTUCUb, Ayşegül SARALa, Yaşar AKSUc a Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Artvin,Turkey nurcaniskender25@hotmail.com b Erzurum Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey c Artvin Regional Forestry Management, Artvin, Turkey Abstract This study was made to determine pathogenicity on the pest of the bacteria isolated in the previous study than Pristiphora abietina. Larvae of P.abietina were collected from spruce forests of Artvin and brought to the laboratory for use in applications. All these bacteria isolated were tested against P.abietina larvae. According to the data obtained, it was found that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Pa3) caused the highest insecticidal effect with 65.47%. Insecticidal effects of the other isolates were determined as %56,55 Bacillus pumilus (Pa1), %60,71 Bacillus fusiformis (Pa2, Pa10), %30,36 Acinetobacter johnsonii (Pa4,Pa9), %43,45 Bacillus cereus (Pa5), %22,02 Rhodococcus rhodochrous (Pa6), %39,28 Staphylococcus sciuri (Pa7), %25,59 Ralstonia pickettii (Pa8), %17,26 Neisseria perflava (Pa11). Key words: Pristiphora abietina, Pest, Biological control Acknowledge: This study was supported by Artvin Coruh University research grant (BAP-2011.F15.02.18). 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 96 P-51 Assessment of Beauveria bassiana Strains Isolated From Various Insects to Control Dendroctonus micans (Kugel.) Larvae Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Serkan ORTUCUb, Engin KILIÇc, Yaşar AKSUd a Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Artvin,Turkey nurcaniskender25@hotmail.com b Erzurum Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey c Erzincan University,Üzümlü Vocational School,Erzincan,Turkey d Artvin Regional Forestry Management, Artvin, Turkey Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana against Dendroctonus micans (Kugel.) larvae under the laboratory conditions. The entomopathogenic fungi PaF04, PaF09 and PaF76 were isolated from little spruce sawfly larvae in the previous study; YB1 was isolated from aphids and ATA076 was isolated from two spotted spider mite. Applications were performed by immersing the larvae in the conidial suspension (109 conidia/ml) for 30 s. Controls consisted of larvae immersed in distilled water plus Tween 80. D. micans larvae were transferred to plastic containers and were incubated at 65±5% relative humidity (RH) with a 12:12 h photoperiod at 26±2 oC. Mortality was recorded daily for a period of 5 days. Dead larvae were transferred to Petri dishes lined with moist filter paper for 10 days to observe mycosis. Mortality caused by fungi was confirmed by microscopic examination of spores on the surface of the larvae. As a result, all fungal isolates tested were highly pathogenic to the D. micans larvae. Mortality caused by B. bassiana was not significantly (p<0.05) different between the isolates on the fifth day after application. But, PaF09 and YB1 isolates were came to the fore to having the high mortality rate and shortest LT 50 values. Therefore, these two strains selected by have wide host rate and shortest LT 50 values. These results show that PaF09 and YB1 isolates could be an effective tool in the biological control of D. micans larvae. Key words: Dendroctonus micans, Beauveria bassiana, Biological control 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 97 INDEX OF AUTHORS A F A. SAJJADI................................................ 72, 75 Adem İMALI ................................................... 68 Adem KESKIN .............................. 31, 60, 61, 65 Adeviye AKPINAR .......................................... 83 Adnan TÜLEK ................................................ 44 Ahmet BURSALI ................................. 60, 61, 65 Ahmet KATI .................................................... 43 Ali Özhan AYTEKİN ...................................... 43 Ali SEVİM ...................................... 34, 58, 74, 88 Anastasiya LUKINA ....................................... 40 Andreas LINDE ............................................... 39 Ardahan ESKİ ........................................... 38, 87 Aydın YEŞİLYURT ........................................ 91 Aysel KEKİLLİOĞLU ........................ 76, 84, 85 Ayşegül SARAL ......................................... 37, 96 F. Ghobadi ANVAR ........................................ 71 Fatma Gül ÖZÇELİK ..................................... 50 Fatmanur BORAZAN..................................... 79 Fedai ERLER .................................................. 45 Ferudun KOÇER ............................................ 68 Fikrettin ŞAHİN .........................................22, 43 Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICI ...............................38, 56 B Baltasar ESCRICHE ....................................... 23 Basil M. ARIF ................................ 18, 32, 57, 59 Bekir ÇÖL ........................................................ 64 Berna ÇELİK GÖKTÜRK ....................... 49, 94 Birgül İLHAN .................................................. 68 Burcu AÇILOĞLU .................................... 42, 45 Burcu İNAL ..................................................... 77 Burcu ŞAHİN ................................................... 64 C Cemal SANDALLI .......................................... 53 Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLU ..................... 49, 94 Cihat KOZ ....................................................... 70 D D. ZAFARI ....................................................... 71 Daniela PILARSKA ........................................ 39 David THEILMANN ....................................... 41 Derya ULUĞ .................................................... 69 Duygu BEKİRCAN ................................... 18, 57 Dwayne D. HEGEDUS .................................... 41 E Edwin E. LEWIS ............................................. 25 Elif Fatma TOPKARA .................................... 62 Emine ÖZŞAHİN ............................................ 86 Emine SÖNMEZ.................................. 55, 74, 88 Emre EVLICE ..................................... 44, 77, 78 Engin KILIÇ .................................................... 97 Erçin OKSAL ............................................ 77, 78 G Gizem EŞGIN .................................................. 79 Gürsel KARACA ............................................. 42 H H. Handan ALTINOK .................................... 83 H. MADADI ..................................................... 71 H. ASSEMI .................................................72, 75 Hacer MURATOĞLU....................18, 57, 59, 91 Haktan CAGLAYAN ...................................... 65 Halil BOLU ...................................................... 56 Hatice ACARBULUT ..................................... 42 Hatice GÜNEŞ ............................................64, 80 Hatice KATI .................................................... 63 Hilal TUNCA ................................................... 80 Huseyin ÇETİN ............................................... 22 Hüseyin AKSOY .............................................. 79 Hüseyin TEPE ......................................47, 60, 61 I Iatamze MALANIA......................................... 89 İlker KEPENEKÇİ ..............................44, 77, 78 Irina RIJAMADZE ......................................... 93 Isa KARAMAN ............................................... 65 Itamar GLAZER ............................................. 26 İ İbrahim ÇAKMAK ......................................... 69 İkbal Agah İNCE............................................. 43 İnanç ÖZGEN.................................................. 56 İslam YILDIZ .............................................47, 52 İsmail Alper SUSURLUK ............................... 67 İsmail DEMİR . …..34, 38, 47, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 62, 74, 87, 88 İsmail KARACA .........................................42, 70 J Johannes A. JEHLE ........................................ 20 Jørgen EILENBERG ...................................... 28 Juan FERRÉ .................................................... 23 Just VLAK ....................................................... 86 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 98 K Karthik R. RAMALINGAM .......................... 24 Kazım SEZEN...................................... 47, 48, 52 Kuralay MAZARZHANOVA ........................ 40 L Lida MOHAMMAD GHOLIZAD ................. 73 M Ömer Naci KAYA ........................................... 33 Özgür ATEŞ .................................................... 45 Özlem GÜVEN ...........................................50, 70 R Ramazan CANHILAL .................................... 79 Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU .....18, 47, 53, 57, 59, 86, 91 Rusudan SKHIRTLADZE ............................. 93 M. Alper ALTINOK ........................................ 83 M. Muge YAZICI ............................................ 22 Madoka NAKAI .............................................. 35 Madona KUCHAVA ....................................... 92 Mahmut EROĞLU .................................... 34, 58 Maissa CHAKROUN ...................................... 23 Manana KAKHADZE..................................... 89 Manana KERESELIDZE ............................... 39 Manana LORTKIPANIDZE .......................... 92 Mariam CHUBINISHVILI ............................. 93 Martin A. ERLANDSON ................................ 41 Medea BURJANADZE ............................. 30, 92 Mehlika ALPER ............................ 64, 80, 81, 82 Mehmet KARAGÖZ ....................................... 69 Mehmet Nuri AYDOGAN .............................. 90 Meriç DEMELİ................................................ 48 Merve KÖKSAL ............................................ 184 Mohammadreza REZAPANAH ......... 21, 72, 75 Monique van OERS ......................................... 86 Murat OZDAL ........................................... 36, 90 Mustafa GÜLLÜ........................................ 38, 55 Mzia KOKHIA ................................................ 92 S N Y Nana GRATIASHVILIA ................................ 92 Nino GABROSHVILI ..................................... 92 Nona MIKAIA ................................................. 66 Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDER .... 36, 37, 90, 94, 95, 96, 97 Núria BANYULS ............................................. 23 Nursagım AŞIKBAEV .................................... 40 Nurzhan MUKHAMADIYEV ........................ 40 Yasemin KONGU ............................................ 67 Yaşar AKSU ................. 33, 37, 49, 94, 95, 96, 97 Yeşim AKTÜRK DİZMAN ............................ 53 Yolanda BEL ................................................... 23 Yunus Emre ÖZDEMIR ................................. 79 Yusuf KAYA .................................................... 22 O Oguzhan YANAR ............................................ 62 Oktay DURSUN ............................................... 64 Oleg GORGADZE ........................................... 92 S. AZIMIYAN ................................................. 71 Seda KOCAÇEVİK..............................34, 55, 58 Selçuk HAZIR ......................................24, 44, 69 Serkan ORTUCU ..................... 36, 37, 90, 96, 97 Sevim DOĞAN ................................................ 79 Sibel CAVDAR ................................................ 62 Slavimira DRAGANOVA ............................... 39 Srini PERERA ................................................. 18 Ş Şaban TEKİN .................................31, 60, 61, 65 T Tariq M. BUTT ............................................... 27 Temel GÖKTÜRK .......................................... 33 Tsisa CHKHUBIANISHVILI ........................ 89 Tufan Can ULU ............................................... 67 Türkmen AYAKSIZ ....................................... 63 U Umut TOPRAK ............................................... 41 Z Zeynep BULŞAN ............................................. 68 Zeynep ERBAŞ .....................................51, 54, 56 Zhihong HU ..................................................... 29 Zihni DEMİRBAĞ . 18, 34, 38, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53 54, 55 , 56, 57, 58, 59, 73, 74, 86, 87, 88, 91 Ö Ömer Faruk ALGUR ................................ 19, 36 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 99 NOTES: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 100 NOTES: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………. 4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/ 101