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S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947 (REFEREED RESEARCH) FERNS AND FERN ALLIES OF RIZE PROVINCE Sinem KURAL, Atakan SUKATAR, Ayhan ŞENKARDEŞLER* 1 Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Izmir, Turkey Received: 27.11.2014 Accepted: 24.06.2015 Abstract: In this study, fern and fern allies of Rize province have been investigated. A total of 20 species and one hybrid have been determined. Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Filicopsida) has been recorded as new to the province. Keywords: Ferns, flora, Rize, Turkey 1. INTRODUCTION The 23 species and one subspecies in the first publication on ferns in Rize province [1] suggest an even richer fern flora. The first papers published by Turkish scientists belong to Demiriz & Tutel [2] and Demiriz et al. [3]. These publications were valuable for the knowledge of the fern and fern allies of Rize province being a milestone in the history of the Turkish fern flora. They represent two and 13 species, respectively, from the province and provide important information on distributions of fern species. Finally, five additional species and four hybrids were reported from İkizdere and one hybrid from Çamlıhemşin districts [4]. Altogether 36 species and four hybrids became known from the province. The aim of this study is to fulfil the unexplored parts in Rize province and to increase the number of taxa. 2. MATERIAL AND METHOD In this study, fertile ferns were collected between 21st – 28th June 2002. Various keys were used for identifications [1, 5–9]. Identified specimens are deposited at the Aegean University Botanical Garden & Herbarium Research and Application Centre (EGE). * Corresponding Author: Tel: +90 232 3112449 Fax: +90 232 3881892 E-mail: ayhan.senkardesler@ege.edu.tr 39 S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947 This list of ferns, based on the literature data [1–4] and original collections by the present authors, is given from division level down to family level in evolutionary line according to Kramer et al. [10]. However, generic and intrageneric taxa is listed alphabetically. In addition, herbarium ID numbers are given for each species. The nomenclature and author names are based on IPNI.org [7]. 3. STUDY AREA The province is situated between 40o 33' and 41o 20' N latitude and 40o 21' and 41o 25' E longitude. It belongs to square A8 according to Henderson’s system (in Davis et al. [1]). The area is almost 4,000 km2, hilly and reaches the highest point at Kaçkar Mountains (3,937 m). Fig 1. Study area and collecting localities. 40 S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947 Districts such as Pazar, Çamlıhemşin and Fındıklı are located in the eastern part of the province, whereas districts such as Kalkandere and İkizdere in the western part (Fig. 1). These were studied by Davis et al. [1], Demiriz & Tutel [2], Demiriz et al. [3], as well as Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4]. Collecting localities of the present study listed below are in the western and southern parts of the province. The climate is rainy and temperate oceanic [11]. Annual precipitation is 2,338.0 mm, relative humidity varies between 73–82% and is higher in summer than in winter. Annual average temperature is 14.1 °C, with a maximum and minimum monthly average of 25.7 °C (August) and 3.6 °C (February), respectively. 4. COLLECTING LOCALITIES 1. İyidere district, near Denizgören Village, on the way; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.; 21.6.2002. 2. İyidere district, near Kalecik Village, on the way; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.; 21.6.2002. 3. İyidere district, on the road between Rize and Erzurum; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.; 21.6.2002. 4. Kalkandere district, sandy area on stream bank near Aksu Village; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.; 23.6.2002. 5. İkizdere district, Sivrikaya, on Kohçer Stream; Alt.: 1,550 m a.s.l.; 23.6.2002. 6. İkizdere district, Çamlık Plateau; Alt.: 1,350 m a.s.l.; 23.6.2002. 7. İkizdere district, springs of Şimşirli Village; Alt.: 1,600 m a.s.l.; 23.6.2002. 8. İkizdere district, province borders between Rize and Erzurum, between Ovit and İspir; Alt.: 1,900–2,000 m a.s.l.; 28.6.2002. 9. Central district of Rize province, Küçükçayır, W of Salarha; Alt.: 500 m a.s.l.; 22.6.2002. 10. Central district of Rize province, Muradiye, Andon Springs; Alt.: 740 m a.s.l.; 22.6.2002. 11. Central district of Rize province, on Pehlivantaşı road; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.; 24.6.2002. 12. Central district of Rize province, Soğukçeşme Village; Alt.: 150 m a.s.l.; 24.6.2002. 41 S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947 5. RESULTS In this study, 20 taxa and 1 hybrid are determined from the study area. Besides, Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz is considered as new to Rize province. Numbers of ferns species in each collection site are presented in Fig 2. 10 7 6 5 2 10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 12 2 1 11 2 9 Number of taxa 9 Collection site Fig. 2. Comparison of collecting localities and taxa numbers given in present study. The hybrid was not included. LYCOPODIOPSIDA LYCOPODIALES LYCOPODIACEAE Huperzia selago (L.) Schrank & Mart. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] and Demiriz & Tutel [2] from İkizdere district as Lycopodium selago L. Lycopodium alpinum L. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district. L. clavatum L. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] and Demiriz & Tutel [2] from İkizdere district. L. complanatum subsp. chamaecyparissus (A. Braun) Seidenf. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district. ISOETALES ISOETACEAE Isoetes durieui Bory – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from an unknown collection locality. 42 S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947 EQUISETOPSIDA EQUISETALES EQUISETACEAE Equisetum arvense L. – Loc. 5 (EGE38141), Loc. 11 (EGE38131), Loc. 12 (EGE38130); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district. New to the central district of the province. E. hyemale L. – Loc. 4 (EGE38132), Loc. 8 (EGE38079); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district. New to Kalkandere district. E. palustre L. – Loc. 4 (EGE38133, EGE38134, EGE38135), Loc. 5 (EGE38140), Loc. 6 (EGE38138), Loc. 8 (EGE38139), Loc. 9 (EGE38137), Loc. 10 (EGE38136); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district. New to Kalkandere district as well as to the central district of the province. FILICOPSIDA OPHIOGLOSSALES OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Ophioglossum vulgatum L. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from the central district of the province. OSMUNDALES OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda regalis L. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from Fındıklı district. CRYPTOGRAMMACEAE Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from the central district of the province. Cryptogramma crispa (L.) R. Br. – Reported by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province as well as Çamlıhemşin and İkizdere districts. PTERIDALES PTERIDACEAE Pteris cretica L. – Loc. 4 (EGE38096), Loc. 6 (EGE38097); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from the central district of the province and by Demiriz et al. [3] from İkizdere, Pazar and Çamlıhemşin districts. New to Kalkandere district. DICKSONIALES 43 S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947 DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn – Loc. 4 (EGE38094), Loc. 6 (EGE38101); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province and Pazar district. New to İkizdere and Kalkandere districts. ASPIDIALES ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. – Loc. 6 (EGE38082); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province. New to İkizdere district. A. onopteris L. – Loc. 1 (EGE38126), Loc. 4 (EGE38090), Loc. 7 (EGE38114); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province. New to İkizdere and Kalkandere districts. A. septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. – Loc. 7 (EGE38120); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district and by Demiriz et al. [3] from Çamlıhemşin and İkizdere districts. A. trichomanes L. – Loc. 1 (EGE38095), Loc. 6 (EGE38080, EGE38089, EGE38099, EGE38103), Loc. 10 (EGE38100); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province. New to İkizdere district. A. woronowii Christ – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from İkizdere district. A. x heufleri Reichardt – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from İkizdere district. A. x ticinense D. E. Mey. (syn. A. adiantum-nigrum L. x A. onopteris L.) – Loc. 7 (EGE38143, EGE38144); reported formerly by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from İkizdere district. A. adiantum-nigrum L. x A. woronowii Christ – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from İkizdere district. Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman – Loc. 1 (EGE38125), Loc. 4 (EGE38112), Loc. 7 (EGE38128); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere and by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province, as well as from Pazar and Çamlıhemşin districts. New to İyidere district. THELYPTERIDACEAE 44 S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947 Thelypteris limbosperma (All.) H. P. Fuchs – Loc. 6 (EGE38083, EGE38085, EGE38107, EGE38110, EGE38116, EGE38117); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from Çamlıhemşin and İkizdere districts. T. phegopteris Sloss. – Loc. 2 (EGE38115), Loc. 10 (EGE38084); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district. New to İyidere district as well as to the central district of the province. DRYOPTERIDALES DRYOPTERIDACEAE Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz – Loc. 1 (EGE38123), Loc. 2 (EGE38081), Loc. 7 (EGE38127). New to Rize province. A. filix-femina (L.) Roth – Loc. 6 (EGE38111), Loc. 10 (EGE38109); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from the central district of the province. New to İkizdere district. Cystopteris dickieana Sim – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from İkizdere district. Dryopteris aemula (Aiton) Kuntze – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from Çamlıhemşin and Fındıklı districts. D. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. – Loc. 1 (EGE38104), Loc. 4 (EGE38106); reported formerly by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] as var. disjuncta from the central district of the province. New to Kalkandere and İyidere districts. D. borreri Newman – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from Kalkandere district as D. abbreviata. D. filix-mas (L.) Schott – Loc. 6 (EGE38092); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province. New to İkizdere district. D. oreades Fomin – Reported by Davis et al. [1] as D. abbreviata (DC.) Newman from Çamlıhemşin district. D. remota (A. Braun ex Döll) Druce – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from the central district of the province. D. x deweveri (Jansen) Jansen & Wacht. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] as D. carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs from İkizdere and Çamlıhemşin districts and Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from Çamlıhemşin district. 45 S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947 Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman – Loc. 6 (EGE 38105); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from Çamlıhemşin district. New to İkizdere district. Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from the central district of the province and by Demiriz et al. [3] from Kalkandere district. P. setiferum (Forssk.) Woyn. – Loc. 4 (EGE38098), Loc. 10 (EGE38102); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from Çamlıhemşin district. New to Kalkandere district as well as to the central district of the province. P. woronowii Fomin – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from Kalkandere district. BLECHNACEAE Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth – Loc. 1 (EGE38122), Loc. 3 (EGE38124), Loc. 4 (EGE38086), Loc. 7 (EGE38118); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from Çamlıhemşin district and by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province. New to İkizdere, İyidere and Kalkandere districts. POLYPODIALES POLYPODIACEAE Polypodium vulgare L. – Loc. 4 (EGE38091), Loc. 6 (EGE38093), Loc. 7 (EGE38088); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province and Pazar district. New to İkizdere and Kalkandere districts. 6. DISCUSSION About 73 papers dealing partly or only with ferns and fern allies of Turkey were published by native as well as foreign researchers; these were listed in 10th and 11th volumes of “Flora of Turkey” [12, 13]. According to these literature sources, 92 fern species and 11 hybrids are known from Turkey. In this study 20 taxa and one hybrid were reported, three belonging to Equisetopsida, 17 taxa and the hybrid belonging to Filicopsida. Hence, the number of fern taxa increased up to 37 species (including one subspecies) and four hybrids from Rize province, compared with the results of Davis et al. [1] (23 species and one subspecies), Demiriz & Tutel [2] (two species), Demiriz et al. [3] (13 species), Parris & FraserJenkins [4] (five species and four hybrids), as well as with references in Greuter et al. [14] and Güner et al. [13]; these were summarized in Table 1. 46 S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947 Ordo Turkey Studies onwards Present study Total Species Hybrid Species Hybrid Species Hybrid Species Hybrid Lycopodiales 5 - 4 - - - 4 - Selaginellales 2 - - - - - - - Isoetales 2 - 1 - - - 1 - Equisetales 7 1 3 - 3 - 3 - Ophioglossales 3 - 1 - - - 1 - Osmundales 1 - 3 - - - 3 - Pteridales 12 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Dicksoniales 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Aspidiales 23 3 8 3 7 1 8 3 Dryopteridales 27 6 13 1 7 - 14 1 Polypodiales 3 1 1 - 1 - 1 - Hymenophyllales 1 - - - - - - - Salviniales 2 - - - - - - - Marsileales 3 - - - - - - - 37 4 TOTAL 92 11 36 4 20 1 Table 1: Comparison of fern species and hybrid numbers of Turkey and Rize. REFERENCES [1] Davis P. H., Cullen J. and Coode J. E., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Supplement) Vol 1., Edinburgh: University Press, 1965. [2] Demiriz H. and Tutel B., "Türkiye flora ve vejetasyonu üzerinde araştırmalar: III. Lycopodiales ve Selaginellales," Istanbul Univ. Fak. Mecm., Vol. B 34 (3–4), 1969, pp. 133–135. [3] Demiriz H., Tutel B. and Aydın A., "Türkiye flora ve vejetasyonu üzerinde araştırmalar IV. Türkiye Pteridophyt'lerine ait yeni materyaller: Filicales," Istanbul Univ. Fak. Mecm., Vol. B 34 (3–4), 1969, pp. 137–181. [4] Parris B. S. and Fraser-Jenkins C. R., "A provisional checklist of Turkish Pteridophyta," Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, Vol. 38 (2), 1980, 273–281. [5] Casper S. J. and Krausch H. D., Pteridophyta und Anthophyta, Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1980. [6] Martensen H. O. and Probst W., Farn- und Samenpflanzen in Europa, Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1990. [7] The International Plant Names Index (2015). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org [accessed 8 August 2015]. [8] Jahns H. M., Farne, Moose, Flechten der Mittel-, Nord- und Westeuropas, München: BLV Verlag, 1995. [9] Üzen E., "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. ve Asplenium onopteris L. üzerinde taksonomik ve morfolojik çalışmalar," Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi, Vol. 4 (1), 1997, pp. 57–72. [10] Kramer K. U., Schneller J. J. and Wollemberger E., Farne und Farnverwandte, Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 1995. [11] Vural M., "Rize'nin yüksek dağ vejetasyonu," Doga, Vol 20 (Suppl), 1996, pp. 83–102. [12] Davis P. H., Mill R. R. and Tan K., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Supplement) Vol. 10, Edinburgh: University Press, 1988. [13] Güner A., Özhatay N., Ekim T. and Başer K. H. C., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Supplement 2). Vol. 11., Edinburgh: University Press, 2000. [14] Greuter W., Burdet H. M. and Long G., Med-Checklist. Vol I. Pteridophyta, Genève: Conservatoire Botanique de Genève, 1981. 47