Here - International Workshop
Transkript
Here - International Workshop
PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) PROGRAMME & ABSTRACTS Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 1 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) HONORARY PRESIDENT Prof. Dr. Mehmet DUMAN (Rector, Artvin Çoruh University) HONORARY VICE PRESIDENT Prof. Dr. Fahrettin TİLKİ (Dean, Artvin Çoruh University) ORGANIZING COMMITTEE President Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU (Artvin Çoruh University) Vice President Assist.Prof.Dr. Mehmet ÖZALP (Artvin Çoruh University) Moderator Assoc.Prof.Dr. Servet ÖZCAN (Erciyes University) Raporter Sp. Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN (Artvin Çoruh University) Members Res. Assist. Emrah YÜKSEL(Artvin Çoruh University) Res. Assist. Güven AKSU (Artvin Çoruh University) Scientific and Technological Cooperation between Germany and Turkiye Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 2 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) INVITED SPEAKERS Prof. Dr. Gökhan ABAY (Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı) Prof. Dr. Ünal AKKEMİK (İstanbul University İstanbul) Prof. Dr. Şule ARI (Istanbul University, Istanbul) Prof. Dr. Meral AVCI (Istanbul University, Istanbul) Prof. Dr. K. Hüsnü Can BASER, (Anadolu University, Eskişehir) Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin) Prof. Dr. Reiner FINKELDEY (Georg-August University, Göttingen) Prof. Dr. Jacobsen HANS-JOERG (Leibniz-Universität Hannover) Prof.Dr. Neriman ÖZHATAY (Istanbul University, İstanbul) Prof. Dr. Dietmar QUANDT( Bonn University, Bonn) Prof. Dr. Ingo SCHNEIDER (Botanic Garden of Potsdam University, Postdam) Prof. Dr. Joachim SCHIEMANN(Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig) Prof. Dr. Atalay SÖKMEN (Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon) Prof. Dr. Zeki KAYA (Middle East Technical University, Ankara) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aşkın AKPULAT (Cumhuriyet University, Sivas) Assoc.Prof. Dr. Omer KOZ (Bursa Technical University, Bursa) Assoc. Prof.Dr. Servet ÖZCAN (Erciyes University, Kayseri) Dr. Klaus EIMERT (Geisenheim University, Geisenheim) Dr. Doerte HARPKE (Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research, Gatersleben) Dr. Deniz ÖZÜT (Nature Conservation Centre, Ankara.) Dr.Gerald PAROLLY (Freie University, Berlin) SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Sezgin AYAN (Kastamonu Üniversity, Kastamonu) Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin) Prof. Dr. Gazi GÖRÜR (Niğde University, Niğde) Prof. Dr. Latif KURT (Ankara University, Ankara) Prof. Dr. Engin ÖZHATAY (Marmara University, Istanbul) Prof. Dr. Zafer Cemal ÖZKAN (Karadeniz Technical University) Prof. Dr. Metin SARIBAŞ (Bartın University, Bartın) Prof. Dr. Münevver SÖKMEN (Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon) Prof. Dr. Coşkun TEZ (Erciyes University, Kayseri) Prof. Dr. Aydın TÜFEKÇİOĞLU (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Temel GÖKTÜRK (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Servet ÖZCAN (Erciyes University, Kayseri) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cem VURAL (Bursa Technical University, Bursa) Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖZALP (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin) Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 3 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) ORGANIZING INSTITUTIONS Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 4 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) MAP OF ARTVIN KORU OTEL CONGREES CENTRE Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 5 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Nihat Gokyigit Congress and Culture Centre Artvin Coruh University, Seyitler Campus Artvin Coruh University, City Campus Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 6 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP PROGRAMME SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF PLANT DIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BETWEEN TURKEY AND GERMANY PDB2014 September 25-27, 2014 Artvin Coruh University, Nihat Gokyigit Congress and Culture Centre, Artvin-TURKEY TIME TITLES INVITED SPEAKER (S) September 25, 2014 08:3009:00 09:0009:30 09:3009:50 09:5010:10 10:1010:20 10:2011:00 11:0011:15 11:1511:30 11:3011:45 11:4512:00 12:0012:10 12:1013:30 13:3013:45 13:4514:00 14:0014:15 14:1514:30 14:3014:40 14:4015:00 15:0015:15 REGISTRATION WELCOME AND OPENING REMARKS Keynote Presentations Chairs: Prof.Dr.Ünal AKKEMİK, Prof. Dr. Joachim SCHIEMANN, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Aşkın AKPULAT Floristic Richness and Conservation Priority Sites in Prof.Dr. Neriman ÖZHATAY Turkey Istanbul University, İstanbul Human Impacts on the Genetic Diversity of Plants Prof. Dr. Reiner FINKELDEY Georg-August University, Göttingen Discussion BREAK Session -I Chairs: Prof.Dr. Neriman ÖZHATAY, Prfo.Dr. Reiner FINKELDEY, Dr. Gerald PAROLLY Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Turkey: An Evaluation Prof. Dr.K. Hüsnü Can BAŞER Based on Utilization. Anadolu University, Eskişehir Bryodiversity of Turkey Prof. Dr. Gökhan ABAY Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı Plant diversity and major threats in Artvin Prof. Dr.Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin Gypsum Soil and Biodiversity Assoc.Prof. Dr. Aşkın AKPULAT Cumhuriyet University, Sivas Discussion LUNCH Session-II Chairs: Prof. Dr. K. Hüsnü C. BASER, Prof.Dr. Coşkun TEZ, Dr. Doerte HARPKE Micropropagation of geophytes Prof.Dr. Atalay SÖKMEN Karadeniz Technic University, Trabzon Plant DNA-barcoding: promises, realities, challenges, and Prof. Dr. Dietmar QUANDT perspectives NEES Institute, Bonn University, Bonn GenKök, Genome and Stem Cell centre Assoc. Prof.Dr. Servet ÖZCAN Erciyes University, Kayseri Transgenic Resistance in Plants - When does it Make Prof.Dr. Jacobsen HANS-JOERG Sense? Institut f. Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz-Universität Hannover Discussion BREAK Session -III Chairs: Prof. Dr. Zeki KAYA, Prof.Dr. Dietmar QUANDT, Dr. Klaus EIMERT Precise plant breeding using new genome editing Prof. Dr. Joachim SCHIEMANN techniques Department of Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 7 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) 15:1515:30 Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Triterpene Saponins 15:3015:45 Next generation sequencing -whole genome shotgun sequencing 15:4516:00 Bioinnovation Center Project of DOKA and Biotechnology Sector in Eastern Black Sea Region Discussion 16:0016:10 16:1016:30 16:3016:45 16:4517:00 17:0017:15 17:1517:30 Julius Kühn-Institute, Braunschweig Assoc.Prof. Dr. Omer KOZ Bursa Technical University, Bursa Dr. Doerte HARPKE Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research, Gatersleben Ismail Arslaner Eastern Blacksea Development Agency, Trabzon BREAK Session -IV Chairs: Prof.Dr. Atalay SÖKMEN, Prof. Dr. Gazi GÖRÜR, Assoc.Prof. Dr. Cem VURAL Low temperature regulated gene expression in Populus Prof. Dr. Zeki KAYA nigra Middle East Technical University, Ankara Genetic diversity in Prunus spinosa L. – challenges in the Dr. Klaus EIMERT use of autochthonous sources Geisenheim University, Geisenheim. Molecular and biotechnological aspects of Astragalus Prof.Dr. Şule ARI chrysochlorus İstanbul University, İstanbul Discussion September, 26, 2014 09:0009:15 09:1509:30 09:3009:45 09:4510:00 10:0010:20 10:2010:35 10:3510:50 10:5011:00 11:0011:30 11:3014:00 14:0018:00 Session –V Chairs: Prof. Dr. Meral AVCI, Prof.Dr. Jacobsen HANS-JOERG, The Botanic Garden of the Potsdam University and its role in plant conservation Integration Of Forest Biodiversity Conservation Into Forest Planning And Management İn Turkey Conservation issues and Capacity-building activities of the Botanical Garden and Botanic Museum Berlin-Dahlem in Turkey and the Caucasus". Prof.Dr. Gökhan ABAY Prof. Dr.Ingo SCHNEIDER Botanical Garden of Potsdam University, Postdam Deniz ÖZÜT Nature Conservation Centre, Ankara. Dr.Gerald PAROLLY Freie University, Berlin Discussion BREAK Session –VI Chairs: Prof. Dr. Şule ARI, Prof.Dr. Ingo SCHNEIDER, Assoc. Prof.Dr. Ömer KOZ Dendrochronology in Turkey Prof. Dr.Ünal AKKEMİK İstanbul University, İstanbul Dendrochronology and Dendrogeomorphology Prof. Dr. Meral AVCI İstanbul University, İstanbul Discussion Poster Section LUNCH Chairs: Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU, Assoc.Prof. Dr. Servet ÖZCAN, Assist. Prof.Dr. Mehmet ÖZALP General Discussion, Closing Remarks, Certificate presentation (in Borçka- Karagöl Nature Park) September 27, 2014 08:3019:00 Excursion to Karagol-Sahara National Park Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 8 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) ORAL PRESANTATION INDEX Page 12 Author Neriman ÖZHATAY 13 Reiner FINKELDEY 14 K. Hüsnü Can BAŞER 15 16 Gökhan ABAY Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU 17 18 19 Aşkın AKPULAT Atalay SÖKMEN Dietmar QUANDT, Thomas BORSCH& Kai MULLER 20 Servet ÖZCAN 21 Jacobsen HANS-JOERG Plant Diversity of Turkey and its potential in Biotechnology Human Impacts on the Genetic Diversity of Plants Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Turkey: An Evaluation Based on Utilization Bryodiversity of Turkey Plant Diversity And Major Threats in Artvin (Turkey) Gypsum Soil and Biodiversity Micropropagation of Geophytes Plant DNA-barcoding: promises, realities, challenges, and perspectives The Role of Genkok as a Research Center in Plant Sciences Transgenic resistance in plants - when does it make sense?" Frank HARTUNG & Joachim SCHIEMANN Precise Plant Breeding Using New Genome 23 Ömer KOZ 24 Dörte HARPKE Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Triterpene Saponins Next generation sequencing -whole genome 22 Editing Techniques shotgun sequencing 25 İsmail Arslaner 26 Evrim ZEYBEK, Kubilay YILDIRIM, Zeki KAYA 27 Klaus EİMERT 28 Şule ARI 29 Ingo SCHNEIDER & Michael Bioinnovation Center Project of DOKA and Biotechnology Sector in Eastern Black Sea Region Differential Expression of Low Temperature Related Genes in Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.) Individuals Genetic diversity in Prunus spinosa L. – challenges in the use of autochthonous sources Molecular and Biotechnological Aspects of Astragalus chrysochlorus The Botanic Garden of the Potsdam University Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 9 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) 30 BURKART Deniz ÖZÜT, Uğur ZEYDANLI, Ayşe TURAK, Can BİLGİN 31 Gerald PAROLLY 32 33 Ünal AKKEMIK Meral AVCI and its role in plant conservation Integration Of Forest Biodiversity Conservation Into Forest Planning And Management İn Turkey Conservation issues and capacity-building activities of the Botanical Garden & Botanic Museum Berlin-Dahlem (BGBM) in Turkey and the Caucasus Dendrochronology in Turkey Dendrochronology and Dendrogeomorphology POSTER PRESANTATION INDEX Page 35 Author Melahat OZCAN & Mehmet DEMIRALAY 36 Özhan ŞENOL, Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN, Gazi GÖRÜR & Gizem GEZİCİ Cypsela and Leaf Anatomical Characteristics of Two Locally Distributed Cirsium Species in Turkey; C. rigidum and C. aggregatum Plant Composition and Aphid Species of the Inner West Anatolian Subregion 37 Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU, Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN & Güven AKSU Distribution and Medicinal Features of Vaccinium genus in Artvin 38 Temel GÖKTÜRK Use of Plant Essential Oils Against Insects 39 Ayla BILGIN Use of Plants in Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Metals And Phytoremediation İpek ÖZALP & Meral AVCI Geographical factors affecting the plant diversity at the south of the Göksu Valley (Taşeli plateau) 41 Merve KÖSE & Fazıl ÖZEN Contributions to Flora of Hereke (Kocaeli) 42 Esra Nurten YER, Mehmet Cengiz BALOĞLU & Sezgin AYAN The Description of HSP70 Heat Shock Protein Genes in Populus nigra, Their Bioinformatic Analyses and Detection of Their Gene Expression Level under Drought Stress Conditions 40 Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 10 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) ORAL PRESENTATIONS Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 11 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Floristic Richness and Conservation Priority Sites in Turkey Neriman ÖZHATAY University of Istanbul, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, TURKEY nozhatay@istanbul.edu.tr Turkey is one of the most important temperate countries on earth in terms of flowering plant diversity.The diversity of vascular plants of the country has been documented in the Flora of Turkey and the Eastern Aegean Islands ,edited by Prof. P.H.Davis and published in nine volumes between 1965 and 1985.Then two supplementary volumes of the Flora vol. 10 in 1988 and vol. 11 in 2000 published. The flora of Turkey continues to grow following publication of the 11th volume an additional about 1000 new taxa were added to the period up to 2014 . Including 730 new taxa to plant science (583 species, 86 subsp. 41 var.and 20 hybrids ). The diversity of the vegetation and richness of the flora of Turkey is legandary, base on the data gathered from these recent studies in recent years a new taxon is being added to the flora of Turkey every five days and 12 hours! Research on poorly studied habitats has added further taxa to the flora; work on Turkey’s handful of peatland sites added unexpected northern species to the flora such as Andromeda polifolia,Carex lasiocarpa and Drosera longifolia . Floristic research in Northerneast Turkey has intensified through the roll-out of the projects, many new taxa discovered from Artvin, Ardahan and Kars provinces: 28 new taxa for plant science (24 species, 3 subspecies and 1 var.) and 42 new records (6 genera, 27 species, 7 subspecies and 2 var.) have been discoverd after publication the vol. 11 . Along with its rich flora, Turkey also has a wide diversity of habitats. Rare and sensative habitats such as coastal dunes, peatlands , heatlands, grassland and old growth forest are under immense threat and declining fast, including many areas that have yet to be surveyed. Identification conservation priority sites ‘’Important Plant Areas’’ is an essential step in the journey towards the conservation of Turkey’s unique species and habitats. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 12 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Human Impacts on the Genetic Diversity of Plants Reiner FINKELDEY Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Göttingen University, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, GERMANY rfinkel@gwdg.de Genetic variation patterns within and among plant populations result from a complex interaction of evolutionary factors during population history. Humans play an increasingly important role in shaping genetic structures of plants due to their interest in utilizing genetic resources and their manifold impact on ecosystems. The strongest and most obvious changes of plant genetic diversity are caused by intentional breeding. However, only a comparably low number of plant species have been subjected to breeding activities in the past. On the other hand, genetic resources of most plant species are influenced by the management of ecosystems and in many cases ecosystem deterioration caused by humans on a local (e.g. deforestation) or global (e.g. climate change) scale. Reduction of population size and population density is expected to reduce genetic diversity due to drift, to alter the genomic architecture of plants e.g. by increasing linkage disequilibrium, and to influence gene flow and the mating system. Studies focusing on woody species suggest a comparatively low human impact on genetic diversity patterns for this group of plants. Examples from temperate and tropical tree species suggest that genetic diversity patterns of trees are remarkably resistant to human impacts. Live history traits of most trees, in particular the combination of long generation times, predominance of outcrossing and efficient gene flow protect them against rapid losses of genetic diversity by human impacts on ecosystems. Implications of these results concerning the conservation of plant genetic resources are discussed. Keywords: Plant Genetic Resources, Forest Trees, Fagus sylvatica, Dipterocarpaceae, environmental change Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 13 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Turkey: An Evaluation Based on Utilization K. Hüsnü CAN BAŞER Anadolu University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacognosy 26470 Eskişehir, TURKEY khcbaser@gmail.com www.khcbaser.com Flora of Turkey is rich and diverse with over 12.000 taxa recorded. Endemism ratio is also quite high (over 33%). Flora of Turkey is well documented in 11 volumes. Being in a geography with land in two continents under the influence of three different climates and at the junction of three phytogeographic regions, its natural diversity blended with cultural richness, throughout centuries has brought about a wide inventory of useful plants. This lecture will focus on the most widely traded medicinal and aromatic plants of Turkey. They include opium poppy, oregano, thyme, sage, sideritis, rose, laurel, anis, licorice, gypsophila, salep, etc. which have been used and traded since ancient times. Information on their uses and export figures will be given. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 14 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Bryodiversity of Turkey Gökhan ABAY Çankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Division of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest Botany, Çankırı / TURKEY gokhanabay@gmail.com This review deals the latest numerical situation of Turkish bryophytes (Anthocerotophyta, Marchantiophyta, and Bryophyta), including many bryophyte taxa, not covered by the recent checklists. Considering accepted scientific names and synonyms, approximately 4 hornworts, 177 liverworts, and 774 mosses are estimated in levels of species, subspecies, and varieties. In total, Turkish bryophyte diversity is defined as 955 taxa belonging to 260 genera and 93 families. The richest five moss families (Pottiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Grimmiaceae, Orthotrichaceae, and Bryaceae) account for 40.4% and the five most diverse liverwort families (Jungermanniaceae, Ricciaceae, Scapaniaceae, Cephaloziellaceae, and Fossombroniaceae) also 8.3% of the total bryodiversity. The liverwort taxa mostly belong to genera Riccia (23), Scapania (12), and Jungermannia (10), the mosses mainly to Orthotrichum (39), Grimmia (31), and Tortula (30) in Turkey. Past and recent surveys have recorded six bryophytes as endemics in Turkey. Jungermannia lignicola (Schiffn.) Grolle, J. subtilissima (Schiffn.) Grolle, and J. caucasica Váňa are endemic liverworts. The endemic mosses are also Cinclidotus bistratosus Kürschner & Lübenau-Nestle, C. vardaranus Erdağ & Kürschner, and C. asumaniae Ursavaş & Çetin. Keywords: Bryophyte, diversity, endemic, new record, new species Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 15 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Plant Diversity and Major Threats in Artvin (Turkey) Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, 08000 Artvin-TURKEY oeminagaoglu@artvin.edu.tr This study was carried out between 1994 and 20011 in order to determine plant species of Artvin province. In this study, total of 1864 vascular plant taxa (1761 species) belonging to 128 families and 624 genera were determined. Also, total of 305 rare plant taxa, including 199 endemics and 106 non-endemics were evaluated according to IUCN risk categories. The endemism ratio was estimated to be 10.07%. The distribution of the threat categories is as follows: 14 endemic and 0ne non-endemic taxa in CR, 32 endemic and 4 non-endemic taxa in EN, 24 endemic and 79 non-endemic taxa in VU, 19 endemic and 1 non-endemic taxa in NT, 87 endemic taxa in LC, and 23 endemic and 21 non-endemic taxa in DD. As for the rare plant species in the province of Artvin, out of the total 305 rare plant taxa found, 69, 130, and 106 were identified as threatened at the Global Scale, at the European Scale, and at the National Scale, respectively. Moreover, it was determined that while 6 plant species are subject to the Bern Convention, 17 plant species are subject to the CITES Convention. The major threats to the plant diversity in Artvin are as fallows: Aggressive forestry techniques including clear felling and replanting with alien species, coastal development in narrow coastal strips, recreation, dam construction in large and small catchments, Constructing so many runof-river type small hydropower plants, building new roads for transportation, mining activities within forested areas, over-collection of flowers, bulbs and vegetative parts of rare and endemic plants, urbanization and overgrazing. Keywords: Artvin, A8, A9, plant diversity, endemic, risk categories, threats Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 16 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Gypsum Soil and Biodiversity Aşkın AKPULAT Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Orta Öğretim Fen ve Matematik , Alanları Eğitimi Bölümü,TURKEY hakpulat@cumhuriyet.edu.tr Floristic studies considering soil structure, particularly pure floristic studies in gypsum, are very rare. The restriction of vascular plant species in soil which is high in gypsum was first reported by Johnston (1941) from the Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico, and has since been observed in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world. However, the features of the gypsum habitat which provide the selective force for the evolution of gypsophile endemics have not been clearly identified. Gypsum areas occupy 0.5% of Turkey and the largest fraction of gypsum occurs within Sivas province. A total of 122 taxa are found to be endemic for Turkey and the ratio of endemism is 35.8% in Sivas. The proportion of endemism in the area is higher than the average estimated for Turkey (34.4%). The reason for this is assumed to be gypsum habitats. The chief advantage on gypsum for the gypsophile species may be reduced moisture stress during the early summer drought, due either to reduced competition for water because of low densities or to intrinsic properties of the gypsum soil. Keywords: Gypsum, endemic, biodiversity, Sivas Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 17 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Micropropagation of Geophytes Atalay SÖKMEN Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University 61080 Trabzon / TURKEY asokmen@ktu.edu.tr Geophytes are the plants that continue to live by means of their bulbs, corms, tubers, tuberous stems, tuberous roots, rhizomes and pseudobulbs, as part of their life cycle . In general, micropropagation of these plants are generally thought to be difficult, and therefore, they are considered as recalcitrant. As geophytes comprise many economically valuable plants such as saffron, orchids, snowdrops etc., their rapid and effective propagation by using plant tissue and cell culture, i.e. micropropagation, has special importance. In this presentation, after giving short information about the latest advances in micropropagation of aforesaid plants, in vitro production of some species belonging to the Orchidaceae family (Orchis coriophora Tourn ex. L., O. sancta L. and Serapias vomeracea (Burm). F. Briq) and protocols for the establishment of their synseed production will be discussed in detail since they are of great economic importance as their tubers are used to produce a hot beverage called salep. As the seeds of aforesaid species have minute or lack of endosperm, their germination in nature requires symbiosis with their appropriate fungi. On the other hand, their seeds can be asymbiotically germinated by using plants tissue culture techniques. For this, orchimax including active charcoal was found to be superior in terms of supporting the best germination. Shoot elongation, leaf and root formation followed by tuber formation required individually supplement of various plant growth regulators. Synseeds of these plants were also successfully established in vitro by using their protocorms, coated with sodium alginate and germinated both in growth medium as well as pre-sterilised soil under greenhouse conditions. As the main ingredient of salep, the glucomannan contents of tubers produced by following abovementioned procedures were also analysed and found that they contain almost the same content when compared to tubers of plants grown in nature. Keywords: Micropropagation, geophytes, Orchis, protocorm, synseed, plant growth regulators Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 18 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Plant DNA-barcoding: Promises, Realities, Challenges, and Perspectives Dietmar QUANDT1, Thomas BORSCH2& Kai MULLER3 1 2 NEES, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, GERMANY BGBM, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, GERMANY 2 IEB, University of Muenster, Huefferstr. 1, 48149 Muenster, GERMANY quandt@uni-bonn.de Since 2003, researchers around the globe hunt for the molecular key to correctly identify species by means of short and easily processed molecular DNA fragments, so called DNA-Barcodes. Hopes are high as it is assumed that DNA-Barcoding will be a powerful tool facilitating species identification even from fragmented or immature samples/probes as well as mixtures. Thus, a vast number of applications are foreseeable ranging from forensic studies, including consumer protection to biodiversity assessment through time. For example, DNA-Barcoding allows to test species composition of herbal mixtures or to monitor the impact of human activities on biodiversity in a fast and efficient way. However, a big question remains the methodological approach, as in contrast to the scenario in animals, the scientific community currently lacks agreement on which DNA-region shall be used as the DNA-Barcode marker for land plants. So far, the officially proclaimed markers (rbcL & matK) largely defy the beforehand accepted selection criteria and the recognition success of operational taxonomic units (OTU) using this marker combination is reported to range below 70 % in most lineages. Therefore, the German Barcode of Life initiative (GBoL – bolgermany.de) – Barcoding of the German flora (GBol5), together with other European partners, pursues a different marker strategy that will be exemplified. Here we review the current state of plant DNA-Barcoding, its promises, realities, challenges, and perspectives, and explain why the German Barcode of Life (GBoL) initiative uses selected fast evolving plastid DNA regions in combination with the nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS). We will also argue why joint forces of taxonomists, natural collections and molecular biologists are needed to generate a validated reference library. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 19 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) The Role of Genkok as a Research Center in Plant Sciences Servet ÖZCAN Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK) Kayseri TURKEY ozcan@erciyes.edu.tr Erciyes University’s Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK) was founded in 2010 and was officially opened more than a year ago. GENKÖK was established with the priority to promote scientific research with the purpose to giving something back to our country and humanity. GENKÖK is currently one of the prominent research center that is primary focused on life sciences. The current infrastructure consisting of 13 departments. The center is equipped with a system of intelligent building and harboring wet laboratories, dry benches and office space. For the main research facilities, research is conducted in the following departments: Stem Cell Applications, Genome Research and Applications, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratories with GMP standards, Biobank, Proteomics, Molecular Microbiology, Transgenic Animal Facility, Animal Behavior, Animal Facility, Plant Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Hypoxia Laboratory and Visualization. GENKOK organizes annual meetings which include but are not limited to: conferences, lectures, workshops and exhibitions of new technologies. GENKOK has also started international collaborations with 17 different centers and various national and international universities. The main objectives of the center are to provide graduate education in the area of stem cells and bioinformatics as well as post graduate education in the areas of GMP manufacturing including cell, stem cell, gene therapy products and biobanking; to provide a work environment in the areas of biological sciences, medicine, dentistry, agriculture and advanced molecular biology. At GENKOK there are various departments ranging from plants to humans with the plan to provide services to the public. The opportunities at the center also include obtaining plant extracts and the isolated essential oils for herbal medical studies as well as tissue and cell culture research of valuable endemic plants, secondary metabolites optimization and production of cultures as plant biotechnology research, the bioactivity assays (antiviral, antibacterial antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic), separation of bioactive compounds and the purification of plant extracts. Research in the following areas is currently being conducted: genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics studies in plants, plant tissue culture and gene transfer research, identification of plant genetic resources, biodiversity studies and molecular marker applications. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 20 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Transgenic Resistance in Plants - When does it Make Sense? Jacobsen HANS-JOERG H.-J. Jacobsen, Institut f. Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz-Universität Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, GERMANY jacobsen@genetik.uni-hannover.de The domestication of crop plants was remarkable in two ways: on one hand, we have plants that are high yielding and nutritous and free of antinutritive factors (ANFs), on the other hand they are lacking resistance genes protecting them from pests and pathogens as many resistance principles are linked to ANFs. As a consequence, the gene pools for most of our crops are rather narrow and often are also lacking resistances against abiotic stresses like drought, salt or heat. Besides the use of pesticides - which become more and more questioned- tapping foreign gene pools and transferring safe and non-ANF types of resistance genes to our crops can be an alternative. The presentation will explain examples of successful transfer of those resistance genes into legumes. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 21 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Precise Plant Breeding Using New Genome Editing Techniques Frank HARTUNG & Joachim SCHIEMANN Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology Erwin Baur Straße 27, D–06484 Quedlinburg, GERMANY joachim.schiemann@jki.bund.de Several new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) have been developed during the last decade which makes it possible for the first time to precisely perform genome modifications in plants. The major problem, besides technical aspects, is the vagueness of regulation concerning these new techniques. Since the definition of eight NPBTs by a European expert group in 2007 there is an ongoing debate whether the resulting plants and their products have to be covered by GMO legislation. Obviously, cover by GMO legislation would hamper severely the use of NPBT because genetically modified (GM) plants have to pass a costly and time consuming GMO approval procedure in the EU. In this talk we compare some of the NPBTs defined by the EU expert group – especially the new genome editing techniques – to classical breeding techniques and conventional transgenic plants. The site-directed change of only a few nucleotides in plant genomes deserves special consideration in future biosafety evaluations. Compared with some classical breeding techniques such as irradiation-induced mutation causing multiple uncharacterized changes in plant genomes, the newly developed genome editing techniques are highly precise – the use of synthetic nucleases is currently the cleanest way to achieve targeted progress in plant breeding. From a scientific point of view it can be argued that plants developed by NPBTs, e.g. plants carrying point mutations, small deletions of a few base pairs or subtle changes in coding sequences induced by the use of synthetic nucleases, are often indistinguishable from classically bred plants and not expected to possess higher risks for health and the environment. In light of the debate on the future regulation of NPBTs and the evidence accumulated on the biosafety of GM plants commercialized and risk assessed worldwide it can be suggested that plants modified by crop genetic improvement technologies including GM, NPBTs or other future techniques should be evaluated concerning the new trait and the resulting end product instead of the technique used to create the new plant variety. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 22 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Triterpene Saponins Ömer KOZ Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Natural Sciences,Architecture and Engineering, Chemistry Department, 16190, Osmangazi, Bursa, TURKEY omer.koz@btu.edu.tr Plants are very important source for human being during whole life. The humankind used them through the ages as the essentials of life, including food, raw material for clothes and as medicinal agent for illnesses.1 Plant-based traditional medicine systems have been in existence for thousands of years in many countries, especially in China and India, because of promising low-cost alternatives in primary health assistance program. Today, 119 useful plant-derived drugs are still resourced from only about 90 species of plants and contribute some 25% of the all clinically used medicines. 2 Plants have a very large scale of chemical substance. One of them is saponins. They are highmolecular-weight glycosides, consisting of a sugar moiety linked to a triterpene or steroid aglycone. Saponins are constituents of many herbal drugs and folk medicines and they exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities. Triterpene saponins forms by far the most extensive collection of saponins, including over 750 triterpenoid glycosides with 360 sapogenins. 3 Obtaining pure compounds from a plant extract are very long, tiresome and expensive effort and also involve many steps. For isolation of triterpene saponin, the selection of extraction, separation and purification methods becomes very important. The isolation and purification methods are given below; Sample Preparation (Extraction, Precipitation and Filtration), Isolation and Purification (Chromatographic techniques such as CC, TLC, PLC, VLC, MPLC, HPLC), Classic techniques (Crystallization etc.)3,4 The structural determination processes include mainly spectroscopic and chemical methods. The basis of modern structural analysis is the spectroscopic techniques such as IR, UV-Vis., NMR (1D and 2D), Mass Spectrometry etc.5 If the structure can not be achieved sufficiently by spectroscopic methods, the chemical methods (chemical degradation, derivatization, hydrolysis, etc.) can be used. HO Amyrin HO Lupeol Some classes of triterpene sapogenins Dammarane Key Words: Chromatography, Isolation, Saponin, Structural Elucidation, Triterpene Glycoside Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 23 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Perspectives of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic studies Doerte HARPKE Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research (IPK), Gatersleben, GERMANY harpke@ipk-gatersleben.de Next generation sequencing (NGS) allows sequencing DNA and RNA with much higher throughput compared to Sanger sequencing. Although whole genomes can be sequenced quickly, it is currently not yet cost-efficient to sequence and analyze them for hundreds of individuals, a number that many phylologenetic and phylogeographic studies entail. Instead, low-coverage sequencing of the nuclear genome of some representative species can be used to identify molecular markers (e.g., microsatellite loci, variable chloroplast and nuclear regions, specific genes), which afterwards can be exploited with PCR-based methods. Another possibility is a prior reduction of genome complexity allowing fast and relatively cheap generation of genome wide multi-locus data for phylogeography or phylogeny. This can be done e.g. by hybridization-based sequence capture. However, for this method prior sequence information is required often lacking for non-model organisms, which are most frequently investigated in phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. Therefore, alternatively restriction enzyme based methods like restriction associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) or genotyping by sequencing (GBS) are applied, which are used to discover genome wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) due to sequencing short regions adjacent to restriction enzymes cut sites. Different NGS approaches, their analysis methods, and fields of application will be explained and discussed by means of examples from different plant genera (e.g., Anthyllis, Crocus, Gagea). Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 24 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Bioinnovation Center Project of DOKA and Biotechnology Sector in Eastern Black Sea Region Ismail ARSLANER Eastern Blacksea Development Agency, TURKEY ismail.aslaner@doka.org.tr All over the world, there is no sector investing in R&D and adding value more than the pharmaceutical industry compared to turnover. Turkey's success in the high value adding pharmaceutical industry will be determined by using potential market size through rational and effective policies. Today, treatment methods, and the development of a new generation of drugs creates a positive impact on human health, quality and life span. In this sense, investments in pharmaceutical industry R & D are of great importance. Observing the current situation, factors the development of the sector in Turkey are; - Improvement of pharmaceutical industry related legislation, licensing, patent protection and data exclusivity, - Increase R & D investments related new biotechnology research in the field of molecular oncology besides classic pharmaceutical products. - Development of government-academia-industry cooperation for the investments In Turkey, within the framework of Vision 2023, support and mechanisms provided by the government for investments in R & D is promising. Turkey in order to take a powerful place in the pharmaceutical industry have invest in new technologies and policies in this area must be set properly. In this regard, within the framework of public-private sector partnership, the development of accurate models of co-operation in the sector should be seen as a decisive factor for success. From the perspective of the Eastern Black Sea region, the region in terms of the pharmaceutical industry is yet to be seen as a natural treasure trove of untouched. In terms of bio-diversity of medicinal plants in the region reveals a significant potential. However, the region in the field of pharmaceutical industry does not have a private sector organization. Studies conducted by academic institutions, signify the region's richness in terms of pharmaceutical raw materials and manufacture of the drugs active substance is seen promising. For sure, development potential of pharmaceutical industry in the Eastern Black Sea Region is a concern that can be evaluated by regulation and cooperation / support mechanisms in Turkey. On the other hand, creation of the regional policy and areas of cooperation on the basis of academic studies conducted up to date will be important steps for the development of the sector. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 25 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Differential Expression of Low Temperature Related Genes in Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.) Individuals Evrim ZEYBEK, Kubilay YILDIRIM & Zeki KAYA Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, TURKEY kayaz@metu.edu.tr Poplar is an important crop and a model system to understand molecular processes of growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli due to model tree status in forestry with availability of fully sequenced genome. Low temperature is one of the major environmental constraint which affect plant’s survival. Black poplar has a broad diversity of proteomic, biochemical and physiological mechanisms to cope with low temperature effects. Besides inducing different types of responses, exposure to low temperatures triggers many pathways that bring about differential gene expression in black poplar. In this study, four important time/temperature pointswere selected to identify the low temperature induced genes in cold resistant and cold sensitive black poplar individuals by using microarray techniques. The stem sections collected on September 2011 (19.32°C) was accepted as control point. The effects of low temperatures on genes were examined on November 2011 (before cold: 1.61°C), February 2012 (during cold: -2.53°C) and April 2012 (after cold: 13.76°C). A statistical threshold for the microarray data analysis detected a total of 3983 genes significantly expressed (Fold Change (FC)≥5, p value≤0.01) in cold resistant individuals. Among these genes, 1649 were significantly expressed on February 2012. Under low temperature conditions, 645 genes were up regulated and 1004 were down regulated in cold resistant genotype. In cold sensitive genotype, 3732 genes were differentially expressed and 1817 of them (767 up regulated and 1050 down regulated) were significantly expressed on February 2012. In contrast to differentially altered genes in the resistant genotype, low temperature had more impact on the transcriptome of the sensitive genotype. Information generated from this study provides new data on list of possible candidate genes involved in cold response in black poplars. The profile of differentially expressed genes under low temperatures will be valuable for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of chilling tolerance in woody plants. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 26 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Genetic Diversity in Prunus spinosa L. – Challenges in the Use of Autochthonous Sources Klaus EIMERT Geisenheim University, Dept. of Botany, GERMANY klaus.eimert@hs-gm.de Genetic diversity in natural stands of autochthonous blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) of different German provenances has been analyzed using a highly reproducible high-annealingtemperature random amplified polymorphic DNA (HAT-RAPD) protocol. The findings were compared to those from seedstocks of the same provenances, reported earlier. Generally, genetic diversity in the natural stands was even lower (Ho 0.099–0.116) compared to the corresponding seedstocks (Ho 0.118–0.133). Furthermore, genetic differentiation was found to be moderate between natural residential sources (pairwise Fst 0.138–0.184, 22.527% variation among populations), but higher than between the seedstocks (pairwise Fst 0.086-0.104, 7.782% variation among populations). The findings are discussed in respect to German conservation law and its practical implementation. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 27 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Molecular and Biotechnological Aspects of Astragalus chrysochlorus Şule ARI University of İstanbul, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 34134, Veznecilerİstanbul, TURKEY sari@istanbul.edu.tr Astragalus L. species are very old and well known curative plants with immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antiperspirant, diuretic, and tonic properties (1). Chemical studies performed on this genus have resulted in the isolation of flavonoids, triterpenoid glycosides, cycloartane saponins and polysaccharides (2,3). It has been reported that crude extracts of some Astragalus species have antiviral and cytotoxic activity (4,5). It is the largest genus of the family Leguminosae, with more than 2000 species, and also the largest genus, with 450 species, of flora in Turkey. About 48% of the Turkish species (218) are endemic (6,7). In Turkey, Astragalus spp. are used primarily for the production of the economically important gum tragacanth (2) and also for curative purposes. This species is traditionally used for wound healing (8). Astragalus chrysochlorus Boiss. & Kotschy (2n = 16) is one of the rare Turkish endemic species and it is listed in the Turkish red list (9). In our previous study, cytotoxic activities of stem and root extracts of A. chrysochlorus were reported (10). Cytotoxic, antioxidant and phagocytic effects of the transformed root extract of A. chrysochlorus were determined (11). In addition, ethly acetate extract of roots has been shown cytotoxic effect on Hela cells (12), and antifungal activity on Fusarium culmorum (unpublish data). Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside and a new cycloartane-type triterpenoic glycoside was isolated from A. chrysochlorus (unpublished datas), and this plant takes up selenium as a secondary accumulator (13). Successful application of plant biotechnology for secondary metabolite production requires the development of efficient in vitro cell culture, regeneration and transformation systems. However, very few plant regeneration systems have been reported for Astragalus spp. to date. Our group established well regeneration systems of Astragalus chrysochlorus and Astragalus maximus from axillary buds, hypocotyls, cotyledons and calli (14, 15), and somatic embryos ( 16). Due to A. chrysochlorus plant has got rich biological activities and well established tissue culture and transformation procedures (17), the plant has been studied molecular level for metabolic engineering for biotechnological applications. Elicitor induced cell suspension cultures of Astragalus chrysochlorus has been shown high PAL and C4H activity the key enzymes of phenylpropanoid pathway and accumulation of phenolic compounds of this medicinal plant (18, 19). The isolation of Astragalus chrysochlorus SMT gene (AchSMT), which express key enzyme responsible for methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) formation, will result in further studies for overproduction of MeSeCys, an effective chemopreventative compound (20). Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 28 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) The Botanic Garden of the Potsdam University and its Role in Plant Conservation Ingo SCHNEIDER & Michael BURKART Botanic Garden of the Potsdam University, GERMANY schneider-wustermark@t-online.de Many anthropogenic activities (wood industry, monocultures, fertilizers, pesticides and others) have a strong negative influence on the diversity of the flora worldwide. Many plant species are in urgent need of protection but also of our special care by ex situ culture, when we will prevent extinction. In these fields the Botanic Gardens have a particularly high responsibility. The Botanic Garden of the Potsdam University in connection with other Botanic Gardens of Germany is involved by several programs in the maintenance and propagation of endangered plants in Germany and the federal state (Land) Brandenburg and their re-introduction in nature. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 29 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Integration of Forest Biodiversity Conservation into Forest Planning and Management in Turkey Deniz ÖZÜT, Uğur ZEYDANLI, Ayşe TURAK & Can BİLGİN Nature Conservation Centre; Aşağı Öveçler Mah. 1065. Cad. 1293. Sok. 9/32 ÇankayaAnkara,TURKEY deniz.ozut@dkm.org.tr Forest ecosystems comprise nearly 65% of all terrestrial biodiversity but 90-95% of forests do not have any protection status. Therefore the future of forest biodiversity greatly depends on how “unprotected” forests – the matrix – are managed. One particularly effective way to conserve forest biodiversity in the “managed forests” is through integration of biodiversity conservation into the forest management system. One quarter of the land area of Turkey is within the forest regime and is owned by the state. Management of these almost all of this area is done by General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) through a 10-20 years cycle of planning and management by regional forestry directorates. GDF adopted a new planning system in 2004, which recognizes the ecological functions of the forest ecosystems and aims to determine high conservation value forests for relevant planning and management. Accordingly, GDF has been seeking to establish a methodology to determine and manage those forest areas, where ecological function precedes the economical function and where high conservation value forests are found. A methodology was outlined to determine high conservation value forests in the forest planning units and guidelines were prepared to put this methodology into practice. The methodology resides on the i) inventory of target species and evolutionary/ecological processes ii) modelling their distribution, iii) determining high conservation value forests through zoning, iv) finalizing the study through assessments with the regional forest directorate. The methodology is presented and examples from 4 pilot studies are given. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 30 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Conservation Issues and Capacity-Building Activities of the Botanical Garden & Botanic Museum Berlin-Dahlem (BGBM) in Turkey and the Caucasus Gerald PAROLLY Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, GERMANY g.parolly@bgbm.org The wider East Mediterranean and Caucasus ecoregions play a particular role within BGBM’s research and conservation programmes. The spectrum of activities in Turkey includes classical vegetation studies, biodiversity research in bryophytes and different vascular plant groups and capacity-building towards the implementing the Natura 2000 network in Turkey. Large-scale phylogenetic studies on Acantholimon and Campanula s. l. are performed by international teams with a strong Turkish participation. For developing transnational conservation strategies in the southern Caucasus, the leading botanical institutions of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia and selected partners from Iran and the Russian Federation have been brought together under the umbrella of the “Caucasus Plant Biodiversity Initiative” of the BGBM. The present contribution will especially focus on the ongoing project “Developing Tools for Conserving the Plant Biodiversity of the Transcaucasus” funded by Volkswagen Foundation. Three typically “Caucasian” habitat types (Arcto-Tertiary forests, xerophytic woodlands, high-mountain ecosystems) which at the same time are all strongly affected by post-Soviet land-use shifts, serve as models for addressing more general conservation issues. For the sustainable management of their natural resources, effective and easy-to-apply tools for assessing and monitoring the plant diversity at the molecular, species and ecosystem levels are developed as a basis for land-use planning, and conservation and management of plant genetic resources. Topics include e. g. the conservation genetics of selected Arcto-Tertiary trees, the species characterisation and evolution of the genus Pyrus and ex-situ and in-situ conservation measures of the almost extinct shrub Calligonum bakuense. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 31 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Dendrochronology in Turkey Ünal AKKEMIK Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry, Dept. of Forest Botany, 34473, Bahçeköy-Istanbul, TURKEY uakkemik@istanbul.edu.tr In Turkey dendrochronological studies have been started to increase during the last 20 years. Most of these studies were performed for Turkey, and a couple of them were for its neighbors. Studies performed under two main titles: First is dendroclimatology and the second is dendrochronology (dating). Dendroclimatology has an extremely importance for the region, because of (1) having very short recorded climate data, and (2) having a drought problem. Based on this importance, dendroclimatological reconstructions have been started after 2000s. According to the reconstructions, durations of the dry years are mainly one year, sometimes two years and rarely three years. Only one long-term dry event with five-year duration (1475-1479) was found in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. The field reconstructions for the years 1786-2000 showed that the years, 1790, 1794, 1819, 1830, 1840, 1851-1852, 1867-1868, 1887, 1893-1894, 1909, 1916, 1927-1928 were dry for the western Anatolia; on the contrary, 1788, 1795, 1827, 1835, 1846, 1848, 1855, 1876, 1881, 1885, 1901 and 1919 were wet. In the last study the first streamflow reconstruction was performed for 1650-2000 of Filyos River. One long-term dry period was clearly observed during 1887-1895. This time period had many extreme dry years, 1887, 1890-1891, 1893-1894. All these dry years were also indicated by the historical records as famine years. Regarding with dendroclimatology our future perspectives are to continue to develop precipitation and streamflow reconstructions for the entire region and complete field reconstructions. Also our dendro-team was focused on dendroecological studies such as forest dynamics and forest fires. On the other hand dating studies revealed important results. Peter Kuniholm (recently from Arizona University) performed many datings of historical buildings from Ottoman Empire and archaeological sites. Our dendro-team was also performed dating studies in some historical buildings such as Deveciler Han (dated to 1488-89), Bedesten (dated to 1425-26), Gülbahar Hatun Külliye (dated to 1485-86) from Tokat, and the Bedesten from Merzifon (dated to 1672-73). Furthermore Balkapanı Han from Istanbul was dated to 1768-69. This dating was confirmed the restoration made just after the huge Istanbul earthquake in 1766. These studies will be continued by our dendro-team. Keywords: tree rings, climate history, reconstruction, dendroclimatology, dendrochronology, dating Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 32 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Dendrochronology and Dendrogeomorphology Meral AVCI İstanbul University, Department of Geography Laleli- İstanbul, TURKEY mavci@istanbul.edu.tr Knowing which dating methods and how they could be used in geomorphological studies have great importance. Dendrochronology is defined as the dating of tree rings and it has many uses in geomorphology studies. Trees grow not only vertically but also radially. Wood that develops annually by the division of cambium just below the bark of the tree, banks up on top of each other to form the “annual layers” and thus the radial growth takes place. The changes that occur in natural habitats are recorded in tree rings. These changes are reflected in the width of tree rings as well as in structural properties of tree rings and in wood densities. The master chronologies that are obtained by measuring the widths of tree rings have certain start and finish dates and it is possible to extend the chronologies backwards in time. Dendrogeomorphology that developed as a branch of dendrochronology could be defined as the dating of certain factors and processes that shaped the earth-surface by using tree rings. There have been many developments in dendrogeomorphology studies. Dendrogeomorphology studies are based on the concept of “process-event-reaction” and have sub topics like dendroglaciology, dendrovolcanology, earthquakes, rock glaciers, debris flows, rockfalls, landslides, snow avalanches, fluvial processes and dune movements. In this paper, firstly the fundamentals of dendrochronology will be discussed and then an explanation as to which geomorphological studies can use this method will be provided. Keywords: Dendrochronology, dendrogeomorphology, tree rings, geomorphology and dating Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 33 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) POSTER PRESENTATIONS Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 34 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Cypsela and Leaf Anatomical Characteristics of Two Locally Distributed Cirsium Species in Turkey; C. rigidum and C. aggregatum Melahat OZCAN & Mehmet DEMIRALAY Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Science and Education Artvin, TURKEY melahat.ozcan@artvin.edu.tr Cirsium Miller, one of the largest genera in the tribe Cardueae of the family Asteraceae, contains more than 250 taxa or variable number depending on the authors. The genus Cirsium is represented 78 taxa at the level of species, subspecies and variety in Turkey. Our country is one of the gene centers of this genus and endemism ratio is 36 %. Some morphological, cytotaxonomical and anatomical studies have been performed on the genus by the first author. Detailed cytotaxonomical and anatomical features of most species, distributed in NE Anatolia have been completed till now. This study is a part of our investigations, and cypsela and leaf features of C. rigidum DC. and C. aggregatum Ledeb. growing in restricted areas in Turkey are evaluated. The former species is early flowering plant and the latter one has short flowering period. Moreover insects damages, they are not distributed in wide areas in Turkey and grow limited areas. For anatomical studies, sections of clypselas were obtained by Cryostat and handmade cross and peripheral sections of leaves were prepared from the median parts. The species investigated have similar anatomical characteristics found in the family Asteraceae. However, significant differences were determined in thickness of pericarp of achenes, wideness of xylem and phloem, and trachea size and number of stomata per mm2 in the leaves. C. rigidum has two times stomata in the adaxial part that of C. aggregatum, conversely in the abaxial parts. The significance of the results were also discussed in relation to previous studies. Keywords: Anatomy, Asteraceae, Cirsium, Cypsela, leaf, stomata, Turkey. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Research Fund of Artvin Çoruh University. Project number: 2011.F15.02.16. We express our thanks to the Research Fund of Artvin Çoruh University for financial support. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 35 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Plant Composition and Aphid Species of the Inner West Anatolian Subregion Özhan ŞENOL1,, Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN2, Gazi GÖRÜR1 & Gizem GEZİCİ1 1 2 Nigde University, Department of Biology, Nigde, TURKEY Artvin Çoruh University, Forestry Faculty, Botany Department, Artvin, TURKEY shenol_euzhan@hotmail.com Aphids are highly adaptive insects for various climatic and ecological conditions due to their cyclical parthenogenetic reproduction and telescopic generations. Turkish aphidofauna include approximately 530 aphid species. Study was conducted in Inner West Anatolian part (Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak) of Turkey which is the transition zone between Inner Anatolia and Aegean Region. Main flora of the study area is Carduus sp., Papaver sp., Rosa sp., Trifolium sp., Zea sp. and also various trees (Quercus sp., Populus sp., Pinus sp., Cedrus sp.). 219 aphid species were sampled on about 201 different plant species in study area, and almost 30% of the determined aphid species sampled from herbaceous plant species. Among herbaceous plants samples, Capitophorus eniwanus Miyazaki, 1971 Hyadaphis passerini (del Guercio 1911), Macrosiphum pachysiphon Hille Ris Lambers, 1966 and Therioaphis subalba Börner, 1949 were new entry for Turkey aphid fauna. Therioaphis (Rhizoberlesia) riehmi (Börner, 1949) was also recored on Acacia sp. for the first time. As a result of the evaluation of overall findings, there were also nonignorable amount of invasive aphid species recorded. These findings should be evaluated under the fact of global climatic effects on both plant diversity and composition of aphid species as they are closely related. Keywords: Anatolia, Aphid, herbaceous plant, Turkey Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Turkish Scientific Council (TUBİTAK-Project no: 111T866) Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 36 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Distribution and Medicinal Features of Vaccinium genus in Artvin Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU, Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN & Güven AKSU Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin, TURKEY h.akyildirim@artvin.edu.tr In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution and importance of Vaccinium genus in Artvin between 2013-2014. The genus contains about 450 species, which are found mostly in the cooler areas of the Northern Hemisphere, although there are tropical species from areas as widely separated as Madagascar and Hawaii. In Turkey 4 species were determined from Vaccinium genus. Vaccinium is a genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the plant family Ericaceae. The fruit of many species are eaten by humans and some are of commercial importance, including the cranberry, blueberry, bilberry or whortleberry, lingonberry or cowberry, and huckleberry. Like many other Ericaceous plants, they are generally restricted to acidic soils. In field studies, Vaccinium species were found 4 province of Artvin. As a result of their identification, four taxon were determined (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.; Vaccinium myrtillus L. var. artvinense Akpulat & Eminagaoglu; Vaccinium myrtillus L. var. myrtillus; Vaccinium uliginosum L.). Their medicinal and aromatic properties were given. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins. These polyphenolic components give bilberry its blue/black color and high antioxidant content, and they are believed to be the key bioactives responsible for the many reported health benefits of bilberry and other berry fruits. Keywords: Artvin, Blueberry, Ericaceae, Medicinal, Vaccinium. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 37 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Use of Plant Essential Oils Against Insects Temel GÖKTÜRK Department of Forest Entomology and Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, TURKEY temel.gokturk@gmail.com Main method to control insect pest is using synthetic insecticides, It has been estimated that about 2.5 million tons of pesticides are used on crops each year and the worldwide damage caused by pesticides reaches $100 billion annually. The development of insect resistance to this products, the high operational cost, environmental pollution, toxicity to humans and harmful effect on non-target organisms have created the need for developing alternative approaches to control insect pest. The environmental problems caused by overuse of chemical pesticides have been the matter of concern for both scientists and public in recent years Natural products are an excellent alternative to synthetic pesticides as a means to reduce negative impacts to human health and the environment. Essential oils derived from natural plant products are easy to extract, biodegradable and do not persist in soil and water. Many plants essential oils is particularly useful as it possesses a wide range of desirable properties for pest management and is regarded as non-toxic to humans. Many plant essential oils show a broad spectrum of activity against pest insects and insecticidal, antifeedant, repellent, oviposition deterrent, growth regulatory and antivector activities. We can say repelling Essential Oils for some insects in Artvin: For Ants; Cinnamon, Citrus, Clove, Peppermint, Spearmint -- For Aphids; Cedarwood, Lemon, Peppermint, Spearmint -- For Caterpillars; Peppermint, Spearmint -- For Leaf Beetles; Lavender, Lemongrass, Peppermint, Spearmint--For Fleas; Lavender, Lemongrass, Peppermint -- For Flies; Lavender, Peppermint -- For Mosquitos; lavender, lemongrass,--For Potato Bugs; Coriander -- For Weevils; Cedarwood -- For White Fly; Lavender, Sage -- For Moths; Sage, Rosemary, Mint, Oregano, Thyme. How to use the essential oils; On the piece of cloth dab a drop or two of your oil blend of choice. Reapply every 3 days or after a rain. We can also put 10-15 drops of your essential oil blend into a spray bottle with 2 cups of water. Shake the bottle very well right before use and spray your plants on the top and bottom of the leaves to repel those harmful insects. Finally, it is in developing countries which are rich in endemic plant biodiversity that these pesticides may ultimately have their greatest impact in future integrated pest management (IPM) programmes due to their safety to non-target organisms and the environment. In the future, Essential oil compounds are considered to be an alternative means of controlling many harmful insetcs and their rapid degradation in the enviroment. Keywords: Essential oils, Green pesticides, Natural insecticides, Artvin. Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 38 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Use of Plants in Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Metals and Phytoremediation Ayla BILGIN Artvin Coruh University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Artvin, TURKEY ayla.bilgin@gmail.com Heavy metal depositions into the environment are increasing as a result of increased mining activities, urban or industrial waste, the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and exhaust gases. The pollutants that cause soil contamination do not only stay on the surface, but also lead to the pollution of the groundwater, together with the pollutants carried by rainwater. Pollutant carrying rainwaters have the potential to affect negatively not only surface waters (rivers, lakes, and etc.) but also the groundwater. Today, many physical, chemical, thermal and/or biological methods are used in the remediation of soil. Choosing the most appropriate method to remediate the contaminated soil requires many factors to be taken into account, such as the characteristics of the region, the type and concentration of the pollutant to be remediated and the intended use of contaminated soil. The treatment of contaminated soil requires the tainted soil to be dug out, treated and replaced; however recent years have witnessed an acceleration in-situ remediation programs. One of the methods being used today is phytoremediation, which is relatively cheaper and more ecological when compared to other methods. While its cost-effectiveness and practicality are among its most significant advantages, its popularity has also grown as an environmentally friendly and economical means of treating pollution. In particular, it has proven to be effective in the treatment of metals that traditionally take a long time to remediate and that threaten human health and the environment. This compiled study will analyze the feasibility and future of this method. Keywords: Soil pollution, phytoremediation Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 39 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Geographical Factors Affecting the Plant Diversity at the South of the Göksu Valley (Taşeli Plateau) İpek ÖZALP & Meral AVCI İstanbul University, Department of Geography Laleli- İstanbul, TURKEY ipek.ozalp@istanbul.edu.tr Taşeli Plateau, which is regarded to be one of the most important karst plateau areas in Mediterranean Region, has cusps which are higher than 2000 meters in places. It was deeply split by Göksu River and its tributaries (Ermenek River). These features contributed to the emergence of the microclimate characteristics as well as its plant diversity. This field within Mediterranean floristic region corresponds to square C4 according to Davis’ grid system. Within the study area, Mediterranean climate is dominant. However, local features such as differences in altitude and deep split valleys lead to differences local climatic conditions. Taşeli plateau is composed of sandy gravel layers with marl in places and sparse, sandy, gravel limestone that belong to Miocene epoch. Among the factors affecting the distribution of natural vegetation of Taşeli Plateau are climate and soil conditions besides geomorphologic features as altitude and aspect. Due to the presence of various geomorphological units within the study area, different habitats are formed in short distances and thus leading to the diversity of plant species. Deeply split valleys and karstic depressions which are formed on the surface of high plateaus are obviously among the most prominent morphological elements, causing the diversification of plants. The plant species represented in the field are forests, shrubs and alpine plants. Scrub formation covering the lower attitudes where the impacts of human factors are deeply felt is often replaced by forest formation after 700-800 meters of altitude. In addition to all these factors, Taşeli Plateau has become one of the richest places in Turkey in terms of endemism also on account of the effects of paleogeographical features (especially in terms of climatic changes in the Pleistocene). This area is classified as Important Plant Areas (IPA) due to the considerable wealth of flora and endemic species. Ermenek valley, forming the northern boundary of the study area, is also rich in floristic aspects. Keywords: Taşeli Plateau, plant diversity, geographical features Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 40 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) The Flora of Hereke (Kocaeli) and Its Nearest Environs Fazıl ÖZEN, & Merve KÖSE Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, TURKEY gikeor@gmail.com In this study, it is aimed to determine the flora of nearby environs of Hereke/Kocaeli. The plants were collected between March 2013 - June 2014 and pressed in order to prepare them as herbarium materials. The plants were identified according to Flora of Turkey. As results of all assessments, 105 genus, 146 species and subspecies belonging to 42 families were determined. The first five families in the distribution of taxa are as follows: Asteraceae 9,39%; Fabaceae 10,73%; Lamiaceae 7,38%; Rosaceae 6,04%; Liliaceae 4,02%. Among all taxa, one species is found to be endemic to Turkey. The distribution of taxa by the floristic regions are as follows: Euro-Siberian elements 18.5%; Mediterranean elements 27.4%; widespread or unknown pyhtogeographic area elements 54.1%. Keywords : Flora, Hereke, Kocaeli . Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 41 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) The Description of HSP70 Heat Shock Protein Genes in Populus nigra, Their Bioinformatic Analyses and Detection of Their Gene Expression Level under Drought Stress Conditions Esra Nurten YER1, Mehmet Cengiz BALOĞLU2 & Sezgin AYAN1 11 Kastamonu University, Faculty of Forestry, Silviculture Department, Kastamonu, TURKEY Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kastamonu, TURKEY 2 esranurtenyer@gmail.com Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of protein family which are found in living organisms and also named in literature as stress proteins. Heat shock protein genes have a key role in the time of stress, for instance; in regulation of salinity, drought and extreme temperature changes. It has been aimed to find out the distribution of the HSP70 family members in genome, description of maintained patterns, the analysis of its approximate three-dimensional structures and the comparison of the HSP70 proteins found in other plant species by using bioinformatic methods. In addition, expression levels of genes coding HSP70 will be researched from databases Finally, the expression levels of HSP70 genes in Populus nigra under drought stress conditions will be studied. Therefore, it will make way for the analysis of this important gene family's functions and the development of the drought stress resistant plants. Furthermore, concerning the protection of our gene pools, it will enable to build drought-enduring forests by estimating the usage of specified genes in this study as biomarkers in gene recovery researches. Thus, basic information about the molecular mechanism of stress in plants can be obtained and this will enable the production of new projects. As a consequence, a new perspective will be provided for future studies in terms of the development of stress tolerance in populus, which is an important species to meet the wood raw material deficit in Turkey, and also for the forest trees of which the genome analyses are completed. Keywords: Bioinformatic analyses, Gene expressions analyses, Heat shock proteins, Populus Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 42 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) SURNAME NAME PAGE(S) SURNAME NAME PAGE(S) Şule 3, 8, 9, 28 KURT Latif 3 ABAY Gökhan 3, 8, 9,15 MULLER Kai 9,19 AKKEMİK Ünal 3, 7, 8, 9, 32 ÖZALP Mehmet 2,3,8 AKPULAT Aşkın 3, 7, 9,17 ÖZALP İpek 10,40 AKSU Güven 2,10,37 ÖZCAN Melahat 10,35 ARSLANER Ismail 8,9,25 ÖZCAN Servet 2,3,7,8,9,20 AVCI Meral 3,8,9,10,33,40 ÖZEN Fazıl 10,41 AYAN Sezgin 3,10,42 ÖZHATAY Engin 3 BALOĞLU M.Cengiz 10,42 ÖZHATAY Neriman 3,7,9,12 BAŞER K. H. Can 3,7,9,14 ÖZKAN Zafer C. 3 BEĞEN Hayal A. 2,10,36,37 ÖZÜT Deniz 3,8,9,30 BİLGİN Ayla 39 PAROLLY Gerald 3,7,8,9,31 BİLGİN Can 9,30 QUANDT Dietmar 3,7,9,19 BORSCH Thomas 19 SARIBAŞ Metin 3 BURKART Michael 9,29 SCHIEMANN Joachim 3,7,22 DEMIRALAY Mehmet 10,35 SCHNEIDER Ingo 3,8,9,29 DUMAN Mehmet 2 ŞENOL Özhan 10,36 EIMERT Klaus 3,7,8,27 SÖKMEN Atalay 3,7,8,9,18 EMİNAĞAOĞLU Özgür 2,3,7,8,9,10,16,37 SÖKMEN Münevver 3 FINKELDEY Reiner 3,7,9,13 TEZ Coşkun 3,7 GEZİCİ Gizem 10,36 TİLKİ Fahrettin 2 GÖKTÜRK Temel 3,10,38 TURAK Ayşe 9,30 GÖRÜR Gazi 3,8,10,36 Aydın 3 HANS-JOERG Jacobsen 3,7,8,9,21 VURAL Cem 3,8 HARPKE Doerte 3,7,8,9,24 YER E. Nurten 10,42 HARTUNG Frank 9,22 YILDIRIM Kubilay 9,26 KÖSE Merve 10,41 YÜKSEL Emrah 2 KOZ Omer 3,8,9,23 ZEYBEK Evrim 9,26 KAYA Zeki 3,7,8,26 ZEYDANLI Uğur 9,30 ARI TÜFEKÇİOĞLU Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 43 PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014) Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin. 44