Graduate School in the Turkey Nuri Yavan-Erdem
Transkript
Graduate School in the Turkey Nuri Yavan-Erdem
Master and PhD Education in Geography: Turkish Perspectives Nuri YAVAN and Erdem BEKAROĞLU Ankara University Department of Geography Academic Competencies Workshop Ankara University, Faculty of Letters, 20-21 April, 2012, Ankara, Turkey Presentation Outline • Context: the impact of globalization and the Bologna Process • The characteristics and organizations of graduate geography programs in Turkey • Recent changes and developments in graduate geography education in Turkey • Data and Methods • Comparing the Turkish case versus leading universities in geography • Geography master’s and PhD programs in Turkey • The leading universities’ geography graduate programs in the world • Main Findings • Implications Context: the impact of globalization and the Bologna Process • • • • • • • • • • World is changing Recently globalization, Europeanization or Bologna process and neoliberalizm have affected graduate education. The impact of these processes is not always negative, but has positive outcomes as well. Internationalization of the graduate education is the main objective. Both challenges and opportunities for student and universities (e.g. increased international orientation, increased mobility of staff and student, so on…). Turkey is changing in 2001, Turkey officially joined the Bologna process. Bologna Process are aiming at the reform of higher education in Europe. Some progress has been made the implementation of the Bologna Process in Turkey. But ,still the awareness of the Bologna process in Turkish Higher Education is not sufficiently mature and common. Faculties and departments of universities related to geographic education: Turkish system List of Graduate Programs, Number of Faculty and Staff in Geography Department and Teacher Training Department in Turkish Universities No University 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Year of Establish City ment İstanbul University 1915 Ankara University 1935 Ege University 1979 Atatürk University 1974 Fırat University 1978 Onsekiz Mart University 1992 Balıkesır University 1992 Yüzüncü Yıl University 1992 Harran University 1992 Sütçü İmam University 1992 Süleyman Demırel University 1992 Fatih University 1996 Afyon Kocatepe University 1996 Ondokuz Mayıs University 2000 Marmara University 2001 Sakarya University 2001 Uşak University 2002 Giresun University 2007 Mustafa Kemal University 2009 Ahi Evran University 2009 Bilecik University 2009 Çankırı Karatekin University 2009 Karabük University 2009 Kilis 7 Aralık University 2009 İstanbul Ankara İzmır Erzurum Elazığ Çanakkale Balıkesır Van Şanlıurfa Maraş Isparta İstanbul Afyon Samsun İstanbul Adapazarı Uşak Giresun Hatay Kırşehir Bilecik Çankırı Karabük Kilis Atatürk University Gazi University Dokuz Eylül University Selçuk University Dicle University Onsekiz Mart University Marmara University Karadeniz Teknik University Faculty of Letters Faculty of Letters Faculty Of Letters Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And Faculty of Arts And √ Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences Geography Teacher Training Department No University 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Geography Department 1982 1982 1982 1982 1985 1994 1994 1982 Erzurum Ankara Izmır Konya Dıyarbakır Çanakkale Istanbul Trabzon MA/MSMA/MS GIS √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ PhD √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 19 12 10 11 11 8 7 6 6 5 4 7 6 6 7 8 5 3 5 3 5 4 6 2 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 1 2 0 2 3 1 1 5 5 3 4 2 4 4 1 3 24 17 14 11 15 13 11 11 7 7 4 9 9 7 8 13 10 6 9 5 9 8 7 5 18 7 166 73 239 √ √ 7 1 8 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8 √ √ 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 38 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 13 8 7 6 6 6 5 5 51 √ 2 Kazım Karabekir Teacher Training Faculty Gazi Teacher Training Faculty Buca Teacher Training Faculty Selçuk Teacher Training Faculty Teacher Training Faculty Teacher Training Faculty Atatürk Teacher Training Faculty Fatih Teacher Training Faculty 0 Faculty Staff Total number of people √ 4 Number of Department Number of Faculty and Staff in Geography Department PhD Offering Geography Departments and their number of faculty Graduate Programs Number of graduate student: new admissions Number of student receiving a graduate degree The organizations of graduate geography programs in Turkey Graduate Program MA/MS (Thesis) Admission Requirements Graduation Entrance Exam Foreign Language BA/BS CGPA=2.0/2.5 GRE > 600, GMAT >550 (or ALES > 55) KPDS and ÜDS > 50, TOEFL-IBT > 60 (or IELTS > 4) MA/MS (Non-thesis) BA/BS CGPA=2.0/2.5 GRE > 600, GMAT >550 (or ALES > 55) KPDS and ÜDS > 50, TOEFL-IBT > 60 (or IELTS > 4) PhD BA/BS CGPA=3.0 GRE > 650, GMAT >600 (or ALES > 60) KPDS and ÜDS > 60, TOEFL-IBT > 70 (or IELTS > 5) PhD on BA/BS BA/BS CGPA=3.0 GRE > 700, GMAT >650 (or ALES > 70) KPDS and ÜDS > 70, TOEFL-IBT > 80 (or IELTS > 6) Graduate Program Duration (year) Minimum Course & Credit Requirements Other Requirements MA/MS (Thesis) 2+1 7 course having 21 credit + seminar Thesis proposal and thesis MA/MS (Non-thesis) 2+1 10 courses having minimum 30 credit PhD 4+2 7 course having 21 credit + seminar PhD on BA/BS 5+2 14 course having 42 credit + 2 seminar Term project Proficiency examination, dissertation proposal, paper based on PhD and dissertation Proficiency examination, dissertation proposal, paper based on PhD and dissertation The characteristics of graduate geography programs in Turkey Characteristics of Graduate Education Practice in Turkey De Jure De Facto Handbook/Guidebook/Brochure Information On Website Title of Course Description of Course Course Syllabus Reference Letter Statement of Purpose Taking Course from Other Department Compulsory Course No Very Rarely Occasionally Very Rarely Very Rarely No No Very Rarely Never √ √ Elective Course Special Area Course (Individual Study) English Course Freedom to Choose Advisor Changing Advisor Dissertation Supervisory Committee Comprehensive Exam Defending Dissertation Proposal Always Very Unimportant No Very Rarely Very Rarely Unimportant Little Importance Very Poor √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Almost Impossible Almost Impossible Not Effective, Formality Not Public and Open Not Public and Open Moderately Important √ Not Open to Audience Selection of Thesis Jury Members Departmental Award Poor Never √ Not Expert and Relevant Mobility Never Dissertation Defense Financial Support for Thesis/Study Assistantship Monitoring and Quality Assurance System Only 3 departments Only 2 departments Almost Impossible Formality Very Rarely Barely Acceptable No Not At All Method: Quantitative approach to graduate education How we can quantitatively assess the structure of the graduate education in TR universities? Step 1 – Making a data pool: We only sampled universities that present both master and doctorate degree opportunities. 7 universities get into this category. They are geography departments at universities in: Ankara Istanbul Izmir Balikesir Canakkale Elazig Erzurum Step 2 – Assessment criteria: Graduate courses in these universities have been classified by taking into account two different aspects. i. First, the courses have been categorized according to the discipline’s major subjects: ii. Second, the courses have been categorized according to whether they are: Step 3 – Statistics & Illustration: Data processed by taking account above assessment criteria described and plotted. Physical geography (PG), Human geography (HG), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Physical-Human geography (PG-HG). theoretical or method or application courses. Method: Quantitative approach to graduate education How we can compare the current status of graduate education in TR universities with …? Step 1 – Sample selection: We preferred to sample 7 leading universities in the World. QS World University Rankings (by subject of geography and area studies) used. Through the ranked list, only universities having geography departments are sampled from top to down. British universities are excluded. They are: Step 2 – Assessment criteria: Graduate courses in these universities have been classified by taking into account two different aspects. i. First, the courses have been categorized according to the discipline’s major subjects: ii. Second, the courses have been categorized according to whether they are: Step 3 – Statistics & Illustration: Data processed by taking account above assessment criteria described and plotted. Step 4 – Comparison: Obtained and processed data have been compared to the structure of graduate education in TR universities. Berkeley – USA (2) UCLA – USA (5) NUS - Singapore (10) Toronto – Canada (16) Seoul – S. Korea (29) CUHK – China (34) Washington – USA (42) Physical geography (PG), Human geography (HG), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Physical-Human geography (PG-HG). theoretical or method or application courses. Conclusions • In Leading World University: • Research methods is so important and common. • Thought, philosophy and approach based courses are very significant • Both are core courses and in many case mandatory • In Turkish University: • • • • Too many courses are available. Number of course in PH-HG-GIS are 3 fold greater than LU Research methods courses are very few Turkish professor teach 7 fold higher than LU. • This is only quantitative approaches to the graduate programs • If you approaches the case in qualitatively, the situation is getting even worse. 19 Thank you for your attention and interest 20 Turkish case