Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetiminde Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemlerinin
Transkript
Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetiminde Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemlerinin
Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetiminde Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemlerinin Kullanımı Canan AKIN Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı Bilgi Sistemleri Çalışma Grubu Bütünleştirilmiş Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi hazırlıklı olma, zarar azaltma, müdahale etme ve iyileştirme amacı ile mevcut kaynakları organize eden, analiz, planlama, karar alma ve değerlendirme süreçlerinin bütünüdür (Kadıoğlu, 2007). Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Zarar azaltma Hazırlık Müdahale İyileştirme evrelerinden oluşur. Her bir evre birbiri ile ilişkili ve farklı süreçler içermektedir. Acil durum yönetiminin tüm aşamalarında çeşitli kaynaklardan gelen veriler Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri kullanılarak işlenir.Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri özellikle risk değerlendirmesi ve uzun vadede zarar azaltma stratejileri geliştirme konusunda özellikle önem taşımaktadır.Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Hazırlıklı olma ve müdahale aşamalarında, kapsamlı bir afet hazırlık ve müdahale sistemi için entegre merkezinde ya da mekansal bilgilerin taşınabilir bir yerinde kaynağı olarak da hizmet verebilir. Bir afet sonrasında Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri hasar tespit destekleyen ve iyileştirme için gereklidir. Anahtar Kelimeler Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi ,CBS ABSTRACT Use of Geographic Information Systems in Disaster and Emergency Management Integrated Management of Disaster and Emergency is preparedness, mitigation, and to intervene with the aim of improving the existing resources, organizing, analyzing, planning, decision-making and evaluation processes. A set of Disaster and Emergency Management consists of stages. Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery All phases of emergency management depend on data from a variety of sources. GIS is gaining favour in risk assessment and the development of long-term mitigation strategies. In the preparedness and response phases, GIS may serve either as the integrating centrepiece for a comprehensive disaster preparedness and response system or as a portable, on-site source of spatial information. In the wake of a disaster, GIS is becoming integral in damage assessment, and rebuilding. Key Words Disaster and Emergency Management GIS The most general definition adopted by the United Nations and "for the people of physical, economic and social losses, which can stop or interrupt the normal life and affecting the local communities can not cope with all kinds of possibilities of natural, technological or human origin of all the events," disaster "is called. Modern disaster management system, the Loss and Mitigation, Preparation, Forecasting and Early Warning, Disaster understand the efforts to protect the pre-disaster, such as "risk management" denilirken; Impact Analysis, Response and Recovery, Reconstruction after disaster such as the work done to correct the "crisis management" is called. As is known, Geographic Information Systems; land already available, and then all kinds of data to collect, store, update the computer-based system that helps .. Variety and reliability of information-gathering methods, data collected after the update process easier to perform the evaluation, the minimum level, the reduction of bureaucratic procedures, providing time and labor savings, minimizing the margin of error, an easy and fast way to correct existing errors, the system in any image easy reach of the numerical and graphical data, the applicability of analysis methods and so on. .. According to studies done with classical methods offer many advantages of this system is important for the use and dissemination of disaster and emergency management. Disaster and Emergency Management Planning and Loss Reduction, Preparedness, Response and Recovery phases occurs . Each stage consists of processes related to each other and develop at different times. Planning and Mitigation of the disaster and emergency situations that may occur in the process of life, property loss and can create effects on the environment are determined. At this stage, reducing the risks and hazards preparedness, response and recovery planning processes will be made by using geographic information systems. Mitigation Planning and preparatory phase of the work but not abolish the disaster or emergency situations, governments, organizations, and to save the lives of individuals, property damage and environmental plans are developed to minimize the disaster damage. Disaster plans also damage the geographic information systems are needed. Disaster need to know the whereabouts of a possible disaster and the first affected by this disaster is that what s. Thus, rescue teams and aid supplies to reach the right place and the area will be provided as soon as possible. Disaster aid efforts after the disaster and became the temporary housing areas of the injured people placement, health services and provision of food aid to certain centers and regularly, to determine what they way, post-disaster threatening substations, natural gas valves, industrial plants etc ... identification of places, places of business machines and work areas are matters which took place on the detection of geography. Geographical studies using data for the disaster, executives, effective and rational quick and easy access to information is essential to make right decisions. For this purpose, there comes the importance of Geographic Information Systems. References Kadıoğlu, M., 2008, Modern, Bütünleşik Afet Yönetimin Temel İlkeleri; Kadıoğlu, M. ve Özdamar, E., (editörler), “Afet Zararlarını Azaltmanın Temel İlkeleri”; s. 1-34, JICA Türkiye Ofisi Yayınları No: 2, Ankara. Türkyılmaz, E,Afet Bilgi Sstemi, Cografı Bılgı Sıstemlerı Bılısım Günlerı / Fatıh Ünıversıtesı / 13-14 Kasım 2001 Montoya,L,GIS And Remote Sensing İn Urban Disaster Management, 5th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science, Palma (Balearic Islands, Spain) April 25th-27th 2002