Makaleyi Yazdır - Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Transkript
Makaleyi Yazdır - Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
" . . . .'. '$.n~ı~e<R.rtii~np.:.~t~f'Ô:G~i(Jl(~{Ofd(J8SiçQı' eultura'ônct'~Q.ı~#i9~~(~ri<tt$~"~9~.. , tr~Jlb()thon. .. theCÖnti~nt.ôf)4tnçi)vIQmt~~.,~it"Ô1.'tfii$~.jYaJ.ıt~ve~ '. t9Pôd Underth.:.intl~.Qf>~~<:~ . .', ,-,.' ~(-'<:.-- .:.,:--"' -'.",",.,"':,;,-":, ":'_'-,~,','...",-<"-:'. Ond.exomples. "P,: ]~~fOt~, bY.Wo.y::Q'o:,ı.ı~~~~~:'Pi...~PrıO.teto deşCr\be:,ıı-' Jij~~r~1.qıGt~~'i.~::>iSqtop$,.'..WhtOh" stk'quklı~tt,ıı~r.,,~ı. ôı;}(J.tb~ip..,y~;,~,'~~"'~tfl,o~ .' -',', '-',' 1""';"- for thedeV$lopnwı:ıt:,9t~Y; .'\:~,';'..::" .<.: \ :. ' ..'.'. ~,jnQt:.~ıcqUY\til'ltaJY. . ":'rh8;:foıirt~ti..ııt~'~,$ır))~,; wı~sed Q :new'hutn(fnJeti4:oıtittıde~:'tb.~. oPı>$clOtlon .' ()ndev(1IUQtiÔYıof,'CldSS1eql'C~ttUr$~cmd:.~ıOt$hiJ>'0ttd"'beOOrne tunıtng-pomttn '~.oÇQ.eP.tfm ., ',' :-':'-' ,- : Q .tr;Q(itJOri: .{)f"cwıurQtYotuee,. ,"-.','., '-;-""~-.<'--"::'..-;. ,"-" "'-".-:.:-."'<~".:--.*-,--'-'."'" ' neer.'ond; ,i~;p~rof,~:...,.".'-o.ttt~~~)VQ$ . : TMpkr '. PetrUren, (1304~74).'.\Yh_,:tt~f}~B;t..~ ~..Qn.~.hrş.O...t~l'1ted..1J\ter.. pretOtIOl1'Of~i.~.As ~f~'iicm~j '.>' '.' . ~~J~ythtı&~ :~~"bif~<IPetrritöh)h(Jd . -tııougbtÖf - ltıi$tqtNl..Q..~~~)!ev.I~Ptn~tbeg~- . :'nkı9,wi$'the~~ton:~";~Qnd~~.ypt~ 'wr"'Ş-()1Wntffe~;'.ı-.e:.;*t. . ~.th"~l"onatne:i~tt_~~t'compo:. ~..ı-" > . (*) A'r~iSed~ion'of the.~ . " .~ttedto.theS(ıth.Aij.1'~key' " ~aııı. .,~i~~~~~nar,:~<'~~~~'VniVet&ity ~ \.}-Prôf~oilt":1J . ~~J,Jni~~.'~," . , ~:~t~r~.'IG.r'tne , ," the , . ~f'PIı"M~JtrtOtWo' ":r~; ~." ... ,'~"East' ".' .. . '. '. '~' nOw...And" Where ;'oır,bi$1Of"'~rş Uı<ıt..contl'nUQus~&f~t~4$'cıet"'Y '" "'. . .,/ had '..cQncew.d of .y)rpgt'e&S 'r()m ,.trdrch tf'\<it,was.Chrl$t ..' htkTthendO~sto.'Jtgtif lote tpteted '1h$pet(odJnwnıctı :th."nome.of', ChJ'ist~on . .tobe~br(Jtediitı RorRe"'cınd.tô..Wôd.:nd;bY .t~ftöm(Jn' ~per~rsl ,.(JŞt~j~A'n~:()t'Q.d<H1('.<JgO;Ôf,deccv'ond . ,:.- ~ AoIo:...,c»i . t '~"'Kmi.(ttıv~~\yı~"''V.' ""' ' ~~..:NI .' ,$~1 m.' .4" i..; Snu..,., ..' h, th$' .period' of r()y(1fi-;jrepUtJl~\~.JmPeitOl~ Rorne,'~'OSOn .,.... ,ag~Qf,gloıvGh{1:ı~6nr. . '. ~foi9..ım~ts~ut .forWO,rd bY~ 'ear'Y . . lfw.& re.oonttıeıkil1d Chrı$tJ()nQ~lstSj'OMCb~ FotMrs:~n<1)1'tointölnf)d.by med'!.ÖO$ment.Ot<>J'S..thQt evaı,oromf1)OrIQns' '.','e~.}1@r'~er$ond cıassıcoı ohtiql,fity,I)a9~,ıl1~.pıe~,do~~Sı.ı.ntlftM:9dvent (kıd.' ofÜ11rısf. .ttıqt'~lt;reornOtiOn ,~.. .u~eCI.:ıJ)Qıtöeon;ÔfUght, saıvotrQn,'~.'. flhOtJY,th(]t:CJcirs$içal~og'f;,".rutureQnd'Ptıuo.. SOPh,y'embödıediun~rftş'att~aGtveıı.~tJ~Öf,the .Ohrt$tlan of' .tnt.~twn doctrıt$j(2). .'ilIs.. ob.\'i<>YS" ttK:ıtwJ:ttı:..~}$(;f<inng.', r., '. ",".' . : . .' ..'" .' :,", - ,- ,,' ." -, "_ '_ 'f,' ....... ". . :. -. ._~" -, ., -, .. '_. - .- , ,- ' . . . historY 'Petr<ıroli.fIJhdQment(Jltyte~d:tJIe.. cUlturolorid.cO$stJtetic - - ''', '.." -', - "-- --".- " ':" yeHoesot. his.t~ı,. \QhiOh'".un1ııtlt&h;'c.~'c'be-ı~e~..urıques." ,tioncrbJ'y Von(ı~Fu~rnnr.~/~~ ~dbt:Jstff$fobtthat' . ,he, thus1ntrOduçedlhe'nötrcm'Of'~'tenri"~~Mktdle'",Oes. os", o periOd ..foıi6Ylilg tM 'd9ôUrıe'of'QfMı~:jGntiQUitV.~'.:~~ng ".'. therise o"~WeRenoj~..tf.f$f:' ,. . , '. .' . '.. . '. . ' (1) '.~aI...~~ :Qci'; "~"'DıW~ Pa1adini97D)p:ıo. c. .'," Mi(ı~; '.'}.,., rPt..lA)ııd6n ; .'.,:' ... ,... '. (2). AsPra~'i'ates(<<~:Eliıabotb_"_~a..~,10 :r32-31:bS~1'Ôinted',öi1tJit;.'W~tbe..&t1~.. 27.H37)who'fir&i~thatV'4'8i1'$.~~ .' ,n94'11. 27.s2 '~(A.t).. ;ea. .1kl()gU~was .a.Me$Si- ~cPl'QPheCM ~c1tbit.V'ıtgitsVii'~~~Vtr:gfn ..tbe~ariiıit~rp~tiöııoftlıet1asSkS,: "PaPn'..~ Mary. on ıa' ..,..ı~.,rev. . ~4;.!f49SBr,rp~,!.'.Harmon4-. 45f.;~ıJC1\Meat: .'~ , '~Otı-.ı..SyQt1kJOsDtd~l1tieiPtetatIonlıl tbeRenaI..~(i3aıtı~re;aiQd' .' p.'4..f~ (3) It ''\Vas .~r5tin "1erits()fdı~tenn. ~.""".'c :PaIİQfsky,Qp.dt., 218 . ...' t.on4ont J~s. ". ,'.. Jİopkins ~;.ı910), . . 'the "~n.eentın'y.. h()wever.;. tha~~ «tI)eMidd1eAges»>suclı.as~.t ,'--ıı "~;,to.. ıi. 8et~. . '.. '. .'. . .' 'W--ıı.~,A~':~in4,~~,{ı9$ı,;.~j.J'.ondoıı: M~tIfu~n.1957),.pp. , .' $1$0 seeEdpr,Wind,' sWorth,;"P~,;t967).t>P.'iM!-S5;';M.L'W..~)~,~t.et.' :ıe . Latin:lıquiva,;. m.ecUa.ı;.e."1.1$6d.,.'see . , " . . . . f~:,=ı~.:=:':.i~:'~. of.~... ~~_'qn:~.~,;.~ :-ıt1t- ~t.;tMJ.4mql. Md. ~:ene Qt ~ ~_f,bt8:.; ~ Iot«.. İ\ . . WQB '*t$.~.&~sin~:l1~1_F, .' " '. ' ..'. ". MWJ8st .8UCCfUI8~':Büt'one ' cEVerYthlno ~iS8$i"~- . CloUbt stitt 'poase,MeS'.nw 'CX). .' 9' ".<. <itt~t mk,1d..f om QfroıcfthOt, u:rider.1h& may. QI'O,t'Ç,,: t~e, ".~rtism ,~.. Qmong. . GftVI'«tl tOJ:eor.s~> .Chr~'thqt;~~~: ~Criftafki .~Quf ~ ~~':-ı -ıl) breo.tM . Cı.ieeıv'-ı-d withthf~J~'oOurtqt:.",v~QOı;\'m-~~ 'wos)~'~ myştiJ),Whe.,~t~,..;.(~tı~;..{~~ a:Sp1red to 1eOdon osoettc 'I'ile tn $Oııtude~.t~.J by whOmP8tı8ı'Cb'Vf08 muohMWh.itnced(6}" '.. . ,. aridChi181ıamıy~:: (4) 1'be -Pal ::t19S3;rpt., ,_, _'. ..'~: 'A~ _ ,'_ . _'.::: ' _"" ~ N..J -Petİ'aıdt'hUo , _. ,'-" $to'c~ştine";'pbd, . bJ8~~t~~M~:V.~"or'a in ~~~~:~: IOPIıYof ~: ~''','f~ , H . - ",,,:,,-,,, -: . -, '-: d ıı8:d " _' .. . ' ' in*rod~ced thislet~r,~ . ,Petra:-ch >ıif of~U , . . wlier.' ~~descriPtj.Oıi 'fu1t textQfthe letter '~,aJ.(ec.ı1. ., ~..Çhi~ago ~~,~ JI'IdLQıÜ948; and . (6)~:t~~?~f'~,t't~;:ıI11)i;Pr;~'.' (7) 'Seebi$" QtJ'~Ot' oea., t~s~ . :~~::~\i9'12}~;~:j.l,'::MıutHl1. 788-9t),[xvıIW], . '. Vi1biriIı.'1m);'pp.82.3~ . " iıJ1d' 'Mary 'wtf1 ~r '. "'. ~:'tioı\tiide1tôbetti.,who . . _' ,'- , , reveabı:tiis'myS~t~~m'bY . ,41, ", Ydt'i":: ıj".to'. : ,', ,_' ',' Profe$S9ı'9ftheQ1Qgj.t . ' 'id': .~_..~/'J'aırles.Bİıi<:e..Ross ' Id:' M~ . ~.. . p" . tS} Cf. his. .~.of..ıt . ;1338~\ it heincriJded mo\. ~ôffinttttı~,"e:~of:'ekı.içafOrttfqüıtY' ~intO\Jf,the . otu"simi- .~""(Ca. exompıe_~h""..,nOr~.'~>fn :hfiôV,~tk$edO . feria' frori1Ctf$~'''cmd'Ob~~ . OnCt,'.cnrisflôn wm 'WrlttngsPMratafôJ$O':~ iSa g~ /' Q~ St A).1Oustine. 'bı$Converston . .:,~'Jıit; tO Chr~lanitvi oıtemr>cf teamlng. (7}s6fnhisi :'tor,'~~. .For~,'htS:;_ greOt, .m~i~~ioris.arid' :Hetı~'Jh~Iı)iritrod, J&19. ~1.21;r" 1ı..ı..ftJ$O::'sC!e' ,..'.. ' DaVid Kn~wle~ 4O~[X~3]., . bit .~0b8, ~. ,EdWardB. Pusey;~.fUltoıı:l.$h.eim;(NewYotk :'Mcxiern ..of', Lı'braty,1949);'~,.' ıı()~2,r~ v.ıt);~d.. Peter. S~A.A?"'"". . JDppcr: et~,' A ~~ııdıı>n :'FabiT a.ıd,F~r, . .".' ';:i<" t967);:pp.91 ff..,364-6 .' , , , '. " . , . " m,ı-fOie,ıt'i8.certöln'.f~fJ~~t~th8,~ıor. era did not' ..~...fton\':ô:..u"..Ptfti()~;IOIiOk1t!fC)(PQt1Qnf~m sutt'ı wat.,.ta'f"''.ft~...~the:''''oftl'e$Un:'o'',h1&pUterY 0fIi. 08 ir..m.: thtntc; Jnfetıect~J,SChOkJrJYand."tO;~:~tctent."p$lnlcalrecıdtlon' ogotrist:thems:cUeval 'kıeUtcıe~; JJ";fUffY:'Ui'\Ch;V$fÖndtno:'Chidappre~'. :olating tne'cI~CQlPuıtutin~ıtitge,."':fQÇt.i:08':PQ!'\OfSkY . .', :suggested,. . . ". :. .' : . .' :' -' ,- . ,", ',', -"..,'" .. , . "', -~, ':. - '-" - , . ~h(:ta .,: ~, . ' : .. '~PetrOtoh'~~~~,~uft~~,.".tı;\.,Qenet<ftı. '~..~CkıSsfcal . the cUltura]" panlcı:ı.1"r~tbr()ıJg".tf:te:.~e.S(}f~Ef~trtot, " " SQh()JÖr~'on(f'the'~'u,t&~t~~Jv~::<>f. .t:he'~erô ...for WhıQh '.Jı..hOf)ed '~~tViı'ıt!tı1$ c)f.(lpolftıooı regene- .,'. ..,"rdtk>n:<ıfıd,' at;KWe~n,~f;a:pür(floatıoıı§f LQtlndictioit'ond . Wiımtnor,."a~~YiVCfIQfGrekQt'i1a'retu;'f:'fr'omffledıevöl\ . . C()mPt~,~~'<ırid;Qrıo1nQtOrs tO.1heOldckıS-' i'..:':,:.. . . ,.. ,'. ,'.'".Sfoc#...~~t$.~~'{~t: '. '. . Aıtf10u0b~: ,PetrOl'Ob's .r~~aş~t}On$;':~"'.by cIPI~'Ofthe".~:r~Q'Qf..~QJ$~~,' ' ". t1}e prin~ .' wer;e~<to'be . .r~U2;e(f fo;~~4Wy?~,~~rt~~~ibJ~~_WQ~n\OŞtmftu..'.~ '. ~ntiQtqnpJs<'cCOJ1.~I1)(~,.,~~~;.orı...~amp1e.tIJ~ pu~s~by.themtn t~r)own.'~~i~~~t~,ı9lS"~'fevıVQ.ı. .' 9';; \ ". tne 0106810$., F~LJnS!O~.;~ı§,~r~~~~~.~o'~..; WhP: ,,~e-_ .ferred tohtmos«myıeqch~~,~,(fUwos.;O~of~Jif$ttn~~ists who.r~ogniz~:theıe<ıdtngj)cırt ~.~. ; by' Pe:trorcltln the. rlse" of, t~ RenoıssqrıC8. 'Eiy U$1:nQ.Gla~I«ı.,i~' ci<)gav(i; .C)n:~nthüs~ttc~~pP~~f: ~~rP~'sreVh;al efessleoJUter(ttuf~Jn~nerQfqfıdiQr~try'ifl.f)(I.mcQtor: .. . / QS.~tdPfjC)rş'Bôçooc;:' ~ iThen .~:. Ff'OO~o..'f:J.rôrco:~:::~ni6.:fqı1VW of . . '.tfie.,on~, elenl pcıt1;1,' witb such .f~it~Ot,~eOtrıi;:ş~h:<ıfdoı..f .of . sPJn.t,ond$uch Qc~sôf:itQ:kmt.. thc.t.'11Q'.' ".hıncltQneea oCukt'stop;:Wirn.ond 'noObStaôfesi~Of ..~ Way~ldfrigh- 'ten him ;',;For'Petrcrba ~nsed,tNJfôU.~t '~f 'HeUcon. sWQrnpy'wit'r<tnud 'ôrSd' rtist)e~,r~$tôrlntı(jtS wot~r$ .tO'theif' .~merpurn'tt;'Qndr~~IJe.{1j~.(xı~t4Jfon'OaVe~hlch . wos oVertrowo.WJth.tJt"'~.ni~()t wtld.vtnes>Clearırig .' . '. thelci~el'WOve.ofOtIOr$'''''reSt()f'~'ApOl«)',to:hı$.on~ , , . : " . ,. ' ". ' ,'.~ . , . . . . .' . the.'~i.:.senedbYrus- c~"t'\emp~ofkt:~ı:~bô .tIcitY;:'b:theır.~tJstJnt<~, :t~.(ıo t~t'.PeOkS(of;Po~.SU8'~;i~'hbs;"'ievw~ .' the .il1.'noble. . spirlt$'''hope~fiOfln~.tfi«t/ond~ed,that .contJtıfYtD;t~. ti&1ı.f'()f~;>tti4t.~ . 'toJ'o~ssus .iS '. . . .~rfrifıd..ıtssUmmlt:~".'And,'ao,~'dO~'that" . . ~1k1~ ~irJ8,*-ı~.,;~~~it."I1f~~.". AlthOUOh~Oh'$.c.:m~Pt~:~~~8S0n~W(ıŞmotı:tly '. . 'Md:pÇ)lıf~J~~O!>of;.~~ntiqutty;'. 'it ..ftl,lmOnists;' cahtınad.lô ..otiı-crv WQssoon. exte~'bv~CX1Ceio«ıd..t~~-tUrv- ond;:$c~n~ soc:ı~ .t9' c~~~l_fleJdSPt.:the<ıt1&.;.'f}uiı1a'niti~' . COS..(11JT:h«etOre;~FJor~tina~~t~;et~rJdtbefirst'~r1(ti$-, sonce jtons1Gtoı'\>f'P:Iti~s:'woflk.M<ır$niOFtç~ :ct..).. '..1NbIQ.tr;,'~/~ı1k~c:ı., ..., ,.:" 'ın hl$ ~JS$of~Ff(),..nc.thGt'ni..' , 'oge,», (12) ..,' '.' QS$ei1~ ; .~()lden. ,..' . : " ,'cr~,tô~~t-ıt~:'~,~lbad'~J'OI~t . . .xti1ıof:.:,grô~~'.poeW"o'~jÇ,.:;~ttıng~ ,~tuı:.. ,'O!f$fteotUJ'.. .c;~"nt1r\_flQ, ' '. t"~ic<IYre,(ı~ . . ' $)r\os' oU'thjş,~.fQtence..,(13) . .to, ',.' ıncJe6d;'ınJ:Kkf1tiOn".io'leOmeq'côrn~tdr.',~' . ...~J J.ı.me~':cr>i..1Oö ~"'.""~~< tl... .'k ~, w,1 rs tn,,.~ t Vsoptn7 .' ". trans!otedonctf' s~ntedwiH:';8ş.o ~r~provldect.~r'tmd~ırçı~'ij)rl'theeom~ttön th$ ,of " . . . .111d~QS .' WÔI1<it . . . -,. ..,' . . '~C()I'o~thorsı' t~'A~.'~l ted.' J.~'~ ;""~'" .~', . ' ..,'. . . ' when'~'~OJ1~,~is$O~tr~V;Wit~lnj~is~ntextı, webeCome.~'~~'.Gf'~'~f~~:~/~~:~Vio$ sew.rekJt«t't01tt~.~{t()~'s~:~m;"q~ıa~ J~t Ôlo. . in d~v~meT\t;~:g~ıy,th.J)ii'~_bv'jhe '. ~., early'. St~..otns . "",,"":""" ,. o'.olos$ica.l. 'e$~UY~~M~; the. ,.",1val 'ond." ,.'.' exompİ.$,'FotJOWiitg " .'.'.. '.. '.' ." re-formuk:ıtiOrı 'on ..the,.Contt~t. .~tOfJ\ .~, ,.n;tj(f;,Si~nth .C$1torv onwards\>':ttHJ Nistoteıiijnpr~js'ın~"p~~ .. . -,. " ". " RenOISSQ~~ .',' " '. ôe,tragfJdY,::\lnijervventQ~~;Qty~~(ı1Qtjqi'tOf14.t'xımeto include,a ,'nlf~btroıimpo.rtdrtt'n~.ties.:~s,ıtS:tbeorv pmeliçe. ',ES~Hy~, wttbMG~,,~,Ş-~...,inl:nglond~ açquired.:adi6ti~ttve.~_~,Qf.'İt.,OWn' , ,and ','it ,'. "" ""'" In, di$Cu$Slng, tl1e,~rl~.'€ifJ(:tt'fevetQp~:~ , '.,Rerroissonee : trodltionaf ~Jmterpreted ' '~" trogedy, :it $I1OuJdpe(1dmitted.:tMt,nk.~thsPtl!\er ~nres '.)f poetry, 'trogedyw4$,pd~$/!vUnd"ı;;$tqQd " , ' in the light,Ofjtte.rhmoriCOlth~stl~h',as'h~~ :beenfOrmU,kı~ed' ondefobornf~ by'Ci~o;JÖUtnt}HbnQnd.t~ir :t~11OW~rs 'hı:onuquity . ," '-, .;- ':". -', ',>-~ _:,:--,...' _:.,"-~'v;< "-,' ,ônd .ın,th~ Mlddt~AgEJ$" ln,e~prqt!,i~tht,~f!r.8e.st\"~(J~d' of suöfect$~~r~rlote,,!or"~~'~t)'t6,,~vety'lbetOrı~t <.' OSlKJlIy lncludedOGloasoh . - _ _ ,.' ,:' ",' - '_ ':_ , : ,_ ,:'. ' ' .,',the '.'oo'ture':oncfs.fYHstlc' '~", ~Ch'~~".~e~,Ş.kJ~.Arrstö~ıe'. hlg1:ı ,styfe .W9~!~uıto~e , ,;. : '_, - ,' 'd," ."- '. - - '-, ., dacorum, , '-_,: '_o<,~ "_ " ,\ :', -, _': . ,' .ı, -, ~. the.~kfnd ,treOtise, -: .' _' of .the _:'" ' n,(J(t'qriq,~"Y'P~,I~~'~ut'ttfitOrtIY . thJ~~rıstotelia.r) .fortr(j~Y,,~n.d_'&PI~~(1,t1} ." ',. precepthO'd reourtentI'Y.bE>enemptıqsizedondeJobo.rtlted 'fn the. rhetorioaltrıad;ftion.Ond' conseq~entty inthe "R&n(H~-nCe.,' 'as WoJfğarıg "~,putJt~ikar\ &Xq~R:i~:~tıe:'C(H'J\&'td.ge ploced onstyfefor ,tta aYı,""'sOk~;(jı~'thıfiifr4.ttlm'tedtb the'fıEıg~ot of, the Clo~fmS(jfC~itk)n:ft1'ıh& '\vKf.er8ense:',qt,thei term.» (t5) ,Thetefore, the U&ebfrtıetôri«t'~t"'.(tnd deQDro~efigureS of.;$peeeh,~QO~'(J/ eoqt~",;Pı:Q~tic;8'~PQ~i~trog~ ..,~O , ,~~S.i~~bEl:9ôt)feYfdnot tıpoW.t.fuı.<tmgi~ dions; for,t~'~;dr"ornoJtgeff~ 'm\jCh throUgtt~ fo~~n~~~tj"nGf " , ' action:as .thfoı..gtfthe.. rhetOf'ic:>QJ~I$I;1~ntŞ;of. tJ:\e,:s~~ .word. '. . This '1NOS",notunnoturol inv~w' ()f~~ddntfuoot~neÇGb'J~fİ!J&nee; i~~,' "se.Mco'ş'tr9ged~,~~t~ırrh~~f0911y ;~~ot~i Sf)tşpe&c. ~soncımptqı:#ımit~e$,,~.r~ ...~~.4's.t~e ;ın~If3' .,C;>f.~ perfect, tr<ı'O'edWA1tho.ugh ...therew&r~.ottE;,~t$~rıQ" ~'..' <>fthe.' Renöissönqe'.ftdHon. t~a~~j'a,nş"Wt\Q'W&~~"irı'"fiıç~ th&flrStjn" europe, to wrıtetr<ig~'dJes .Vilttrq humo.ryi$ttC'sp~!ifondf 'tt)uS,pt6vided'. the .' Fr~nChQnd"r;lJ9lişh .,trgge4.içrtş'~th<;~x(ı'mpı~«':tô:.'ÖYp<).~'.". ond tetu,,/)to pn~ıent'Greekl'riodeJ$'/t~',were , not'$udceSSfut . .. 'Se~eoo..' .' '. '. ",".' """"""""."".11"".. "''''"f'.' ,Owl,;,g to the1Cok ofofuffoworeness'Ofthe dT<ımotj~"toıivendôn$' , and $tr'uctUrqt dy:n(Jmi~s'()f'..tM G~k.. trageqy. 'T1tıebe$t'i)xqmple . of thls~xpe,.tment, W(lsgiv&n~'{. Trisşin.)(147fj~155ôJ 'Wlthhlır play. . . " '.', . . "",-::,~,__~,'::;"":~--;'- ',' ,(l.)i~Aristotle's: <' ;.-,.-ı~':.!", ", .'(,. .,~ '. Pıtet1cs,IDtrod,and'~6.'.T0hı1,W~~ . Loiıdori;;Dent'1~)iPP.\18ffH15&ı:ff.JV, . (lS)P""""~"~'.$b~-ı,~trans.T,&~~sciı'(l96İi , Lon~on: Merhuen. 1961), p: 22. . 220." ''',-';,' , - .(1963; :iPt., "~o ". '" . .' . , t : .. . rpı., " ' ~ " S9fonl8bGr{151~5-) 'WhtchWtı8 Ottj~Y,0t;\8~~ ,some of tne,'cOnventlOR$~;~..,aaJt: "and" »ncluded fr'~y;~ V_ı.'TrJesinO,found tt ir1ipos~td. get rid 'öf.~fıgldi$t,Ofi the~t,ıropctV ,orid, ,not 'tö:+n~u(kfpotcfChtf$iibn; ~iıotlÔn8:tn: the" 'Sen~ ,monner. ThffemphOSis.,was,put"oh, _,~tı~, Ch«of,elobo-, , ' , ' ' of rotions,>Qnd'~IVft,ftg~es''Of' ~h..l1öt:'MOW~ver,"n\(J8t' 'tn' , Trlssloo'fj :conf8lnPorOfklS ';p"~>u)Wı:ı1~ıMir;tr<ıged1imtt{Jti.)ifof,thes6necaıınıodeıqt' 'the~tor: ~edy:n~tlv dfY~ into fW& OCt$'"e)bserVmôtne decorô'in<'Qtdf<ln\oti8~PEriOnQ.. and contOintng SCeAeS'of, ~,,~mfhOtrOt. 'ot) 'rh&'~ ,re8uttlng from' t.he 'QVer~'ıŞ-' 'a)uİ',ô,r~. styJe ıön(f"th$ mcsrar dknensiOn on the~J1e f\Orid'ondthe'ırictifı.r~~/Q'ftitl"ondctynCirnic 'expIol,tôtlon':of _tftJ9rc«tiQnon:trWoıbfjr'~:~" .itU,Ct((roJ'1O~tt whlch CQlJlcfb&,"ıect.d iınmOft 01' m:e!~~:On tbei,S9nttcon, &>«Irtt'ple.Thefefore; .'Wh(Jtsk' 'PttnfPS1icht$y'~ed 'witb, referenoe t<iGorbod~ not Qn(ysurn_',ı..'moln'~noarn.~Qf th'Is', ,'type of tra~ bDt otla,itrn»1ed:,'the-ı-ro-ce-ofofNsft Qttltudeıowaıils \ , L" '.,1.,;,;'" trQ(ıedtf. theconcet>fof '«~u>ia "i '. " fU~.Of:~t~~ty::~~',~ ~ısoun- . dıôg '~~,a!YiJ1ir9to.tne~~{ôt $eneca hisştUe, . .. 'Y,th~ ~'qoth~tdeUgnt.. ,ond..Aun:ot~Öble:tn fultY teaoh,QOO 'JlO' 'e.' tbe".\ie.yet!dofPoe$ie. "', " Yetin'troth"~ı$::v~&.'. :gr-~~","t:' ,.Whicb şXoor~~ , kıthe::,'çırcum8tQuri~$, rtmtghlnOt rerttoine';j]s an " '. Qf qiITf~..,):,~ij)"" '" , if we nK~~U:tWGt.fj;)(ehl,S:EntKş\.~ . in hisApoJogte...' ,v atsoSıdn8Y ;-tt588J~$.:~n1Yt...~byth.P<)et1OO1 oİ).)logies:tbeOretleOtwriting$,',tıM: :tit~, ~riesof,'.th sixte&~h~oenturyJtalitm fI'QmQnist,:,'Crmc$''I1b'Mk'tturrio., Ond':'otners},fıi~cct_faOttôri"wtttı. , S~lIg6r.C(ı~~tro:, . oot'ond~truCt\KalorgOJıttQtlOrt Of;,G~"we:;s'iti ", , Oonı-ııo. the ,to,* ;factQn'evocO~' tionof the;J1eVI:ottitu~dJSP~d'bf1ri~',humams~.t~rds.~ . , . . ' . ,", > ',_,' "-'; " F9r~ condS~~çOqnt:pjTFi~'s ,'_,.',.0.' ' -', ~ (eM.~;ÇO'1f~~taı,~,"~jH~ondSWorth: gtıin, 197.1), pp. 251.~i ~f.' C1etnen,'!:JP.dt.,pp, ,(17) see Kra:ilsbeİti1er.:op. dt., pp; 247.51. , (tSr'AA "aance, , ' ,~, ' the . , " ~ee" Aj.K;11Ü1~i~i' 26-'. ,', . . Peİı- ' " ,,', '" . .:., ~.,..:.~tı1e-'~n'l1~~~~ . ' .." :, dr~~~'tic ,', ' ' ed. O;B.lIardiSOi1, <ı%3i" Fpt.,'ıXmd9~ ~.'Peter pWen, :1961);,p. 138. ' :. . ' " . . " idea :of.tr~y.ı:h..,ıı~.a~1JEIe'~'~'.., . .ın~on'::the. votui.)Ô~Qfy:b;,e t(~. of-clreıumstonQeS ,$~~f~ 'r~ı-~~n~ t~dS .wha1'mö'fbe,te . troge<W,ot 'QhOtQcW,:". , or:lg~tW4timtl1O..'by.the.so-cOUed. , :s oentlJtY .Q.,....' tt)&~:OftM..)(İ-nth ',tneflrel A&f1(tı*"ce,tmn8kıtJQ~ ReOQiSsonçe'dieooV~rY7. ,of' AtJBtotie'sPOetica..~A. imoLotin. 'ottM~~'''I1'~pted'bY-lorenzQVOIkı .. 't '7 ,.140 . ıi, jl .put)f lsh~ and. . ~.'.7) . .. . .. . . . .oıı the,eodY$ixt.or.t~tur'V . 1498. , .. . .. . > .<.~..hoô ..tbi$ '. . . .' . . . . .. ..ıtm ; lted. .. '~Jmpao ' a. .. . . '.... . . .. .. . "~~1ııt<.:rri&SinQ.. ... . t . . . ..01lO.kfl Ondtbeo.tbers).WbG.()$"~Ye>~out}~~ve.:~r.t.~ ottooMôto .tM:$~cri'Jn~~~Q(ijY~:AI"1$t.ımprecepts 'conce.rnmgın. ~m~f;~~:"'i"c:)~~,~f;lOfverıistmnl-, tuô$.:~':th4.ıtnl,tyofwct~)~ ~'.e1;\"into ;()OI\side.rotiOn. .by .V'$vın:Wos~,iA1tPOz% them . ,,' . .. .' revısed-editiQft.~er. '. ." ". '. . '. ,..' ttYJO,S.~.t=~tU}e~i~\r:r~ f\Oboı-ı.(1o'8.~ltNmot ~o~ı:~~.~t8~~\tho Lotin,tf<ınsl<rtion,<md:exıene1ve ~""~:ı:,J:M..tbUsh8d: ih1Ş481n . .Florence, thot exett_o .lQsttnolnfkseRQe~f)Qri.'~': 'COritemPQı'Qrie$. ,In dadıCQtlng.tiis.tr'~~kıtlOn:tc)C~Hno .~ .~ipi tkOuke of, FIofence 'Ro~tto-'ret1ti'tt<edthQtVôttr'(JrtdPQZzf'hdd'teft ..)Uttha _,_ _ '. c.<':_" . . _,:",. '_:__-'-_'-':,':":_." Obscı.ıre' ports..'Of " ,,,_" .,,_"_ ";':-,:'_ ','., '_:__:' _ Ari$tôtlej$~tGndthOt ,;'.:_._ _L, _.-',' .': :' -, o', '. tttejrtrOoslOtk)ns. were' "öut:ti1QtMVtıQdhımaetf . 'f~tlôf'inndeqUqcie$':Hef~t,~: . .'.troceti ttte'reterence&Jn . ",___;', -._'_'" " the'P ,".Ç~kecf. .tMm;'Ögoıtıst '.thelr' .outQesôi1d. ttiuş-.'PfÔÔuOöd:((ı~t'r~~vets~(1JijIndeed. . ın th~true.numciriistkı:~f»iIt~eIQ,"'b"'~H)Ut.O 'defk1itlve,. '.' . çritiÇi$rfJ QndQ,rG~~:of,.~tf)~'Qf. . ove(O~J'tM;p$i)fl of'llmt, 'of the-.P-ı-,: , . . , - . :. - ,-"" there~red - :. -' - - - ond'tbeoretl~,wr;tting~on,-attot';poe .' were ~. - .'-,' '-,' .ArtstoteUon '. . cı pertOd. $Eri'Jhe~fQr tt~~,wwm Ldti.n.tronskıtion.Qf.the'POetlc$:,(Jit\d . '*'-'ttı~~_, v ~n . ..ifJltotjo'.number'of .commentaries " ~ -. ,. " -~ - . - '''-:,':', . , -- " . try,'l'he . Fı:ocasto,rk>'sN~Iu.,,~:'~~(Venic8. -' '- ,- -' - . " fflO$t. ':., ".-" ' .~ .. " nt .;1_).~.Arte. t555~.Minturno'8 ."~'~"'UbrI~W~. ~.(1563)Scat-ıs'P":,ALugdmk .' ,15$.1). and QJsoCQst~ıv.o'ş c.1t<JUö",veT$~nof: ~PoetlC$itsetf(ViertnQ, 1.570)'.'AtthOt$~eOchof ttıe&es.NdıesWce~,ıt$elfQkitld of opQIogv foı:poetrY'orıd.berl()8..9~ot'the, refutOti.)n ~.oft...tradltJonaJ' 9horges''~':aQqlAs(~'. o'rKi~~~mg' frOm'.~iÔ: ~k1ny . '. (191.:Seeıa:;ı-ı...~'ae~:.~.,~.. . .1ıifOfficiot&at.au_tlı . ',. ..'. , l' ' . T()treıi~;ıs.s).~: "..~Vir,. " '(P!oı-~: . .;. . . , :io hlı ~,316E':ff;ond-6OaA _ i, - \' ..ticaf: wr1tingS'~.e,!yıdh " -', ,_. _ ',' ',- -' :,' , _ . _'-' '.- . "_...~ ff.}.~:cornm-ııtQl'ies _ . '-;, _": :." 'o,' ,"- _ _ ":, ,:', .< _' - ond,th.ore-' _ '., - ," '. . oııexpli- , ~tIQn~ofpP8tic~~.-Qmı'OM~~(lmi ,witnthforıbUloli9rt 'rU~S. apP!"QPtkıte t(j~edch ~r~<ın,d~ucedtnr~ı.ıgh''i'sVntl'te8IS ~f Arlstotelion.,ijorotiô:n and ,~,pnnôipleŞ,'._',~er.poetic of" ,topiCSSuch asimitOtlOn, .inv.l)tiQn.yjrIstm1J:J~t'Poeticfuıy.ort v~susnc;rture. 'tJ1e tbre~styıeS.thij' pfCt'stfUQtureinôr-onıottcmodes.CGthar8"',*lpety>~rUm ofchô.rOct&rlz<rt1,;>nln each J ,'. ' ,dfoma,ticmOd4t<HKıstınıfor.,t9pi~r~ pli'eat'q.eptof. atten,tiprt . " ,.' .' ,."., .', ..' ond weretreQ~'.ki the,ughtOf/tb~ ,,*~(ij)t$.,.':$i,,,Uorty. tt1e ;00- . tur-eorıd ,function ,of trogedy'i1s',:Q ,. ' . . ' . '. . . '.p.. ' , . .' . . .. . . OOdCGth~...termSWtıtOh~tırAUlÔt~,Qı-ırmı, .. . . . . , .~formWoted ' ' hcImo.I1kı .. , . . ôisbUSsionai11Oog, MQieQvet. tM ,HOrotiorrprln'Qipıe Pf -pf<>fjt.dnd' poeticaı ~ , 'fistı. . . del'lght.'w~ıchhad~I~$ ~~df!ti~e4kı-the.. ~rh~Qttra<JitiQnos tne 'JJni.v$rsaI7qlfffof.~ttV. .. a'nQ~'exertmo -, ', ,. ' . , . mOdeOf'ıı1ıitotj()n on 1he,spec~ior, mqrQI.Y:~~ttC.e1f6e~Were., '. -. tex 'withi. n. .the. C. ,cm ~ ris. ~ ~e's . 'e. ~'pı-ıeo<ti.~ 0 . . , ' ',.'. tM . ~mri19te ~ffectOf.trQ~:, put on the )1eed,kıQt~'i !~or.. nt&t~rv.a'nd.meto- . W(1$:~erted '0$ ..~'greoter .$fnp.hasıs WO$ for odramotİc"A(J4ys18of,,~tk>ns, . ond,the'sôur08_oft~. trqoioa9t}<>n,;w<ts~hributeQootSbmuch to . .' . the.fiOktenees' .of ..fo.ttune,., ~Jch]~4d' in' facttieen., . Pdn*ıeof,the$e~otıd'.~ı~trCıOedY~Ô8 the. '.~rtytng' .' totb~ presence ktthetrogla.heto,of~~artıo.thcıt~;om<?T(tIsf)c)rteo"ımg' wh~h '. woutdco~ him~. n1oıkeon-,...rl)r,Q.fj~~ <md.constJQu_tly. ,folifrom ,:~ty ınto'mısery.l;n~r wc)r(fs.t~ tr(J{jIc'pathos emerg~. nötf{oincıf16nforıuno~,~t()teof cJrôorJ\$tqn~ 1)utfrom . . . the. hero's 'dWrt , ..' 'C1\orGoter. , ". ' , , ,- inspired' AltJıoughth[sı-~QfJ~.~taJJy' . . thr.Jugho,clQserstt.ıC!yond. $,q.ensive :a~bOr<rt-ıonôf" Arist9t~'s . , PoetiC$, WQS (icentrai Issue ift'ttıettteoretlOOf <mdcritiCarwrltkıgs . of thetıme, ,11$'.cLontneP!'Qct1sitı{l, . rnediote.Thi&.wos ~.,tô drcimatlst$W<ıs'not,rm- " '.WOS'.sunregarcı.d' ..t~(CiCt'-ıtS&oeed} 'qsthepri~a'rvexôınp~of,trqJedYond~$~I<ırfy'studıed. .~t 'sChoQls. Mor~er,htS trôgetiıes .'With th$i...rnorof ,t.ıticle cond Soenes (:Jf hôtrOt,ftıJfycoterect for tbe.preYôı-e1itRQI1t1I$S(t(lce.taste . fn'jofW-'~ı<iti<)nsafıd.:s~ctacQJdr. ~ntQtions ohth(t.. stage.,: At ı..t thi$.V/Csttte .'cose' 'In.,'Snıılôl'ld:l)efore. MooQwe .ond,ŞhakesP$O~ 'fultV ~I~ ond' put. inlOptoctioe. , .tJ1e'pOssibütfiesof thls. . ". " neW CPncePt'ot't~: "", .'" ';' '.' ..' ;',. -i.