one writing from i̇brahim temo about thermal springs of bursa and
Transkript
one writing from i̇brahim temo about thermal springs of bursa and
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 6 (51) - 2009 Series 6: Medical Sciences Supplement – Proceeding of The IVth Balkan Congress of History of Medicine ONE WRITING FROM ĐBRAHIM TEMO ABOUT THERMAL SPRINGS OF BURSA AND ROMANIA M. YAPRAK 1 N. GÖKÇE2 Abstract: Dr. Đbrahim Temo (1865-1945) one of the founders of The Committee of Union and Progress (Đttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti) was born in Struga as an Ottoman citizen with Albanian origin. He graduated from Gülhane Military Medical School in 1892. He began his ophthalmology education in Istanbul but finished in Romania, because he had to escape from dictatorship of II. Abdülhamid. He opened a lot of bureaus of Committee in Bulgaria and Romania. Temo returned to Đstanbul in 1908 but didn’t get on with his Committee. He founded Osmanlı Demokrat Partisi (Ottoman Democratic Party). In 1911 he returned to Romania because of pressures and threats. Temo was not only a doctor and a politician. He was also an author. He always wrote. He sent writings from Romania to Türkish journals especially the Đçtihad of Abdullah Cevdet who was also one of the founders of The Committee. It is reported that achieve of Temo is in Tiran. In his writing in the Đçtihat of 01 February 1925, he notices first the importance and misery of the Bursa thermal springs. Later he introduced some important thermal springs and hospitals of Romania. He gives communications about the attaining, prices and medical utilities of these organizations. According to this important writing about history of thermal medicine of Türkiye and Romania, thermal springs of Romania were in better condition than Bursa thermal springs in 1925 Key words: Ibrahim Temo, Romania, Thermal Spring, Bursa, Türkiye In 1920’s hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, spa centres and sanitarium therapy were more popular treatment modalities than today’s modern medicine and physical therapies. There are a few articles focusing on thermal therapies of those times. An interesting and comparative article was written by Dr. Đbrahim Temo (3). He, in his article, compared Turkish and Pomanian thermal therapy centres from medical history point of view. Temo’s article provides important information on 1 2 thermal therapies of 1920’s. Dr. Đbrahim Temo (1865-1945), one of the founders of the Committee of Union and Progress (Đttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti), was born in Struga as an Ottoman citizen of Albenian origin (See Figure 1). After graduated from Gülhane Military Medical School in 1892, he started studing ophtalmology in Istanbul. Since he had to escape from the dictatorship of Abdülhamid II, he completes his training period in Romania. He opened a lot of Trakya University, Medical Faculty Departments of Physiology, Edirne - Turkye Trakya University, Medical Faculty Departments of History of Medicine - Edirne - Turkye 22 Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 6 (51) - 2009 • Series VI bureaus of the Committee in Bulgaria and Romania. Temo returned back to Đstanbul in 1908 but didn’t get along with his Committee. He founded Osmanlı Demokrat Partisi (Ottoman Democratic Party). Because of the pressures and threats, he returned to Romania in 1911 [10, 11]. Hatrıratım (Foundation of the Committee of Union and Progress and my Memories of the national Revolution and Services to the Motherland; 1939 Medgidia, 1987 Đstanbul), Usul-ü Mükaleme (Method of Conversation) [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11]. It is reported that achieve of Temo is in Tiran [1-2]. He submitted his articles from Romania to Turkish journals, especially to the Đçtihad of Abdullah Cevdet, who was another founder of the Committee (See Figure 2). Figure 2: Đctihad journal Figure 1: Dr. Đbrahim Temo as Red Cross physician in Đstanbul, 1913. Temo was not only a doctor or a politician, but also an author. Before and later from his second migration to Romania, he wrote a lot of articles and several books. Some of his books are Aile Hekimi (Family Practitoner), Tagaddi ve Devam-ı Hayat (Nutrition and Life), Kuduz (Rabies), Türkçe-Romence Mükaleme (Turkish-Romanian Conversation), Tababet-i avam Dersleri (Lessons in Public Health), Hareket (Motion; coauthered by Ali Şefik), Atatrürk’ü Niçin Severim (Why I Admire Atatürk; 1937Medgidia, 2001 Prizen), Đttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’nin Teşekkülü ve Hidemat-ı Vataniye ve Đnkılab-ı Milliye Dair His article published in the February 1925 issue of the Đçtihat on the subject of the thermal springs of Bursa and Romania (See Figure 3). Figure 3: The title of Temo’s article M. YAPRAK et al: One Writing from Đbrahim Temo about Thermal Springs of Bursa and Romania 23 Temo made several journeys to Vienna (1901), Paris (1902, 1918), Egypt (1907), Türkiye (1913, 1923, 1930), Albania (1914) and two migration to Romania (1895, 1912). These expressions must be related with his first visit to Türkiye after the foundation of Republic [10-11]. The article begins with the expression of Temo about Bursa thermal springs. According to Temo the baths are miserable. They need reanimation, medical servants, water analysis and legal regulation. There isn’t any hotel and restaurant around the Bursa thermal springs [3]. In the second part of article, the thermal springs in Romania are introduced. He gave information about the transportation options, prices and medical utilities of these facilities [3]. According to the article, the important thermal springs of Romania are Episkubus or Krian (Baile 1 Mai), Feliks (Baile Felix), Moneasa (Moneasa), Gorgiya (Geoagiu), Dobruca (Spa Dobrich?), Kovana (Covasna Spa), Mangalya (Mangalia), Tekir Gölü (Lake Techirghiol), Lagülsarat (Salt Lake), Govora (Baile Govora), Herculane (Baile Herculane), Mohad (Mehadia), Moldovya (Slanic Moldova) Bijular, Siriya, and Vace [3]. In the study, Kasalata (CalimanestiCaciulata), Pani (in Bukovina) and Devrnavanr mineral waters are praised. Some promanade like as Agpaya, Azoga, Bireza, Berabu, Berazova, Buztin Geçine, Kimpolonoa, Aliyeşte, Çaba, Komurniki, Kurtedu, Erçi, Duverna, Morillan, Nemçen, Puya, Naçavluj, Brodevud, Grillet, Marillan, Nemçu, Payanaçabuluji, Borodeal, Rugfer, Sinaya, Suvi, Suzana, Tirguavgana, Tizmana, Valenda, Mevneta and Veratik are also praised in the writing [3]. Temo gives some information about important health centers of Romania like as Antuvaniyu, Diyaguneselur, Jeravta, Naturaliyust, Alberabeta, Alanaherakayede (Sabtane) Gayllart, Tekirgölü sanitariums; Kulçe, Brankuvenasa, Eforiya, Markoca, Bantalemun, Manernimate, Kuluj (Cluj) University and Çernaviçe hospitals and dentistry college [3]. The names in the writing need to be critized by an expert. It may be said that the study has some smell of advertising of thermal springs and other medical centres of Romania. References [1]. Kutlay N: Đttihat Terakki ve Kürtler. Beybun, Ankara, 1992 [2]. Polat A: Arnavutluk Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürü Prof. Dr. Shaban Sinani ile mülakat. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. Sayı: 33, 2005. [3]. Temo Đ: Romanya’nın sanatoryumları, kaplıcaları, hava almaya ve tedaviye mahsus mevsim istasyonları. Đctihat, February 1925, Year: 20, Nu: 174, pp: 3498-3501. [4]. Temo Đ: Đttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti'nin Teşekkülü ve Hidemât-i Vataniyye ve Đnkılâb-ı Millîye Dair Hatıratım. Medgidia, 1939. [5]. Temo Đ: Đbrahim Temo'nun Đttihad ve Terakki Anıları. Arba, Đstanbul, 1987. [6]. Temo Đ: Atatürk'ü Niçin Severim, Medgidia, 1937. [7]. Temo Đ: Atatürk'ü Niçin Severim, BAL-TAM Yayınları, Prizen, 2002. [8]. Uygur S: Đbrahim Temo’nun Bilinmeyen Bir Eseri: Usûl-i Mükâleme. Modern Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5/2:65-73, 2008. [9]. Ülgen E, Aksu A: Mektep ve Aile Mecmuası (1915-1916). Constanta, 2003. 24 Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 6 (51) - 2009 • Series VI [10]. Ünver S: Doktor Đbrahim Temo. CTF Tıp Tarihi ve Dontoloji Arşivi (Cilt 1). Đstanbul, 1935. [11]. Yaprak M, Gökçe N: Dr. Đbrahim Temo. Proceedings of the 38th International congress on the History of Medicine. Đstanbul, 1-6 September 2002.