Technical Requirements for LCPs
Transkript
Technical Requirements for LCPs
This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) Technical Requirements for LCPs By Pat Swords This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Content of the Presentation – – – – Desulphurisation Technologies Compliance with Rate of Desulphurisation DeNOx Technologies Particulates This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • For solid fuel plants compliance based on control of SO2, NOx and Particulates. • For gas turbines: NOx and Carbon Monoxide (CO). • Note: Definition of desulphurisation in EU Legislation: – ‘Rate of desulphurisation’ means the ratio over a given period of time of the quantity of sulphur, which is not emitted into air by a combustion plant, to the quantity of sulphur contained in the solid fuel, which is introduced into the combustion plant facilities and which is used in the plant over the same period of time. This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Limestone wet scrubbing is most common desulphurisation solution: – SO2 removal rate of 85 to 99% possible This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Also common: Spray dry desulphurisation • SO2 removal rate 85 – 98% This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Limitations on scrubbing efficiency – even if liquid to gas ratio (L/G) is increased, efficiency falls off at ≈ 95%: This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • With low calorific lignite of ≈ 2% sulphur, simply not possible with conventional technology to reach 400 mg/Nm3, as inlet concentration too high. • LCP Directive 2001/80/EC: – For pre-2003 LCPs > 500 MWth, a desulphurisation rate of 92 to 94%. No concentration limits. – For post-2003 LCPs > 500 MWth, a desulphurisation rate of > 95% together with a concentration below 400 mg/Nm3. – Progress report by December 2004 in relation to indigenous solid fuels. This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Industrial Emissions Directive: – (31) Due to the characteristics of certain indigenous solid fuels, it is appropriate to apply minimum desulphurisation rates rather than emission limit values for sulphur dioxide for combustion plants firing such fuels. • Article 31 and Annex V Part 5: – Pre-2103 and > 300 MWth, then 96% desulphurisation – Post-2013 and > 300 MWth, then 97% desulphurisation – Based on monthly average This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Primary NOx control – Low NOx burner design to reduce flame temperature. – Thermal NOx formation particularly at > 1,100⁰C This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR): – Injection of urea and ammonia into combustion chamber at circa. 900⁰C – General reduction rate 30 – 50%; NH3 slippage This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) – Injection of ammonia / urea at circa. 300⁰C over a catalyst. General reduction rate 80 - 95%; catalysts can block and are expensive This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Particulate Removal – Simple cyclones are crude pre-filters only – Principal technique is Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs)Particles are charged and separated under the influence of an electrical field. – Fabric filters are less common - Electrostatic precipitator overall (mass) collection efficiencies can exceed 99.9%, and efficiencies in excess of 99.5% are common. - Excellent control of PM10 and PM2.5 will be achieved with welldesigned and operated electrostatic precipitators. This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir • Electrostatic Precipitators: Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) • Fabric Filter – Fabric based bags or cartridges. 99% removal rates, but filters can clog and need to be replaced This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir • Typical Modern Coal Plant: Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001) This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Bu Proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından finanse edilmektedir Questions? Technical Assistance for Better Air Quality by Transposing the Large Combustion Plants Directive (TR2010/0327.04-01/001)
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